01222nas a2200385   4500008004100000020001800041022001400059245012400073210006900197300001100266490000700277653002000284653002400304653001600328653000800344653003600352653002600388653002400414653003100438653001000469653001600479653002600495653002800521653002500549653002600574653002700600653000800627653001400635100001800649700002000667700002400687700002400711700001400735856008700749       2017                        eng d  a1568541100003  a1388-554500aThe pitfalls of molecular species identification: a case study within the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)0 apitfalls of molecular species identification a case study within  a1–210 v0010aacrobeloides cf10abarcoding provide a10aDIAGNOSTICS10afor10aidentification of organisms and10amislabelled sequences10aMOLECULAR PHYLOGENY10amolecular taxonomy and dna10ananus10anew synonym10apowerful tool for the10apratylenchus flakkensis10apratylenchus goodeyi10apratylenchus lentis n10apratylenchus pratensis10asyn10atopotypes1 aJanssen, Toon1 aKarssen, Gerrit1 aCouvreur, Marjolein1 aWaeyenberge, Lieven1 aBert, Wim  uhttp://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/15685411-0000311702755nam a2200193   4500008004100000020001500041022001300056245011200069210006900181300001300250490000700263520215200270100001802422700002002440700002402460700001702484700001402501856004602515       2017                        eng d  a1111111111  a1932620300aIntegrative taxonomy of root-knot nematodes reveals multiple independent origins of mitotic parthenogenesis0 aIntegrative taxonomy of rootknot nematodes reveals multiple inde  ae01721900 v123 aDuring sampling of several Coffea arabica plantations in Tanzania severe root galling, caused by a root-knot nematode was observed. From pure cultures, morphology and mor-phometrics of juveniles and females matched perfectly with Meloidogyne africana, whereas morphology of the males matched identically with those of Meloidogyne decalineata. Based on their Cox1 sequence, however, the recovered juveniles, females and males were con-firmed to belong to the same species, creating a taxonomic conundrum. Adding further to this puzzle, re-examination of M. oteifae type material showed insufficient morphological evi-dence to maintain its status as a separate species. Consequently, M. decalineata and M. otei-fae are synonymized with M. africana, which is herewith redescribed based on results of light and scanning electron microscopy, ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequences, isozyme electrophoresis, along with bionomic and cytogenetic features. Multi-gene phylogenetic analy-sis placed M. africana outside of the three major clades, together with M. coffeicola, M. ichino-hei and M. camelliae. This phylogenetic position was confirmed by several morphological features, including cellular structure of the spermatheca, egg mass position, perineal pattern and head shape. Moreover, M. africana was found to be a polyphagous species, demonstrat-ing that " early-branching " Meloidogyne spp. are not as oligophagous as had previously been assumed. Cytogenetic information indicates M. africana (2n = 21) and M. ardenensis (2n = 51–54) to be a triploid mitotic parthenogenetic species, revealing at least four independent ori-gins of mitotic parthenogenesis within the genus Meloidogyne. Furthermore, M. mali (n = 12) was found to reproduce by amphimixis, indicating that amphimictic species with a limited num-ber of chromosomes are widespread in the genus, potentially reflecting the ancestral state of the genus. The wide variation in chromosome numbers and associated changes in reproduc-tion modes indicate that cytogenetic evolution played a crucial role in the speciation of root-knot nematodes and plant-parasitic nematodes in general.1 aJanssen, Toon1 aKarssen, Gerrit1 aTopalović, Olivera1 aCoyne, Danny1 aBert, Wim  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/75702493nas a2200253   4500008004100000022001300041245005500054210005200109300001200161490000900173520182600182653001502008653000902023653000902032653001502041653001802056653002302074100002402097700002002121700001802141700001402159700002002173856004602193       2017                        eng d  a1313297000aAn early record of Meloidogyne fallax from Ireland0 aearly record of Meloidogyne fallax from Ireland  a33–520 v20173 aRoot-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., cause huge economic losses worldwide. Currently, three Meloidogyne spp. are present on the quarantine A2 list of EPPO, M. chitwoodi, M. fallax and M. enterolobii. As a quarantine organism, M. fallax has been detected in England and Northern Ireland on sport turf in 2011, and in England on leek in 2013. However, its presence in Ireland has probably been overlooked since 1965, when Mr. John F. Moore and Dr. Mary T. Franklin had detected a new Meloidogyne species for that time. While the relevant data was recorded and a preliminary manuscript describing the species was prepared but never submitted for publication, and together with the original slides, pictures and drawings, it was restudied recently. We compared the population of Irish Meloidogyne sp. to other similar Meloidogyne spp. Careful observation and comparison shows that it belongs to M. fallax. The characters found to be common for Irish Meloidogyne sp. and M. fallax are female stylet length (14.6 μm) with oval to rounded basal knobs, oval shaped perineal pattern with moderately high dorsal arch, slender stylet in males (18.5 μm) with set off and rounded basal knobs, slightly set off male head with one post-labial annule and incomplete transverse incisures, and second-stage juveniles with large and rounded stylet basal knobs, and a gradually tapering tail (46.9 μm) with a broadly rounded tip and a clearly delimitated smooth hyaline part sometimes marked by constrictions (12.9 μm). The host test and gall formation also correspond to M. fallax. The identification could not be additionally supported by molecular analysis, as we were unable to extract DNA from the old permanent slides. Nevertheless, our study reveals that the Meloidogyne species detected in Ireland in 1965 belongs to M. fallax.10aCHARACTERS10aCork10aHost10amorphology10aMorphometrics10aRoot-knot nematode1 aTopalović, Olivera1 aMoore, John, F.1 aJanssen, Toon1 aBert, Wim1 aKarssen, Gerrit  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/75802006nas a2200229   4500008004100000022001300041245016100054210006900215520120500284653002801489653001801517653001401535653002801549653002601577653002501603100001801628700002001646700002101666700002501687700001401712856005001726       2017                        eng d  a1095951300aMolecular characterization and species delimiting of plant-parasitic nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus from the penetrans group (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)0 aMolecular characterization and species delimiting of plantparasi3 aRoot-lesion nematodes of the genus Pratylenchus are an important pest parasitizing a wide range of vascular plants including several economically important crops. However, morphological diagnosis of the more than 100 species is problematic due to the low number of diagnostic features, high morphological plasticity and incomplete taxonomic descriptions. In order to employ barcoding based diagnostics, a link between morphology and species specific sequences has to be established. In this study, we reconstructed a multi-gene phylogeny of the Penetrans group using nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial gene sequences. A combination of this phylogenetic framework with molecular species delineation analysis, population genetics, morphometric information and sequences from type location material allowed us to establish the species boundaries within the Penetrans group and as such clarify long-standing controversies about the taxonomic status of P. penetrans, P. fallax and P. convallariae. Our study also reveals a remarkable amount of cryptic biodiversity within the genus Pratylenchus confirming that identification on morphology alone can be inconclusive in this taxonomically confusing genus.10aCryptic species complex10aDNA Barcoding10aphylogeny10aPratylenchus arlingtoni10aRoot-lesion nematodes10aspecies delimitation1 aJanssen, Toon1 aKarssen, Gerrit1 aOrlando, Valeria1 aSubbotin, Sergei, A.1 aBert, Wim  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.07.02700799nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001400041245019300055210006900248260004000317653002600357653002100383653001600404100002700420700001800447700001500465700002400480700002000504700001400524856005500538       2017                        eng d  a0929-187300amtCOI successfully diagnoses the four main plant-parasitic Aphelenchoides species (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and supports a multiple origin of plant-parasitism in this paraphyletic genus0 amtCOI successfully diagnoses the four main plantparasitic Aphele  bEuropean Journal of Plant Pathology10aConcatenated analysis10aFoliar nematodes10aMolecular b1 aSanchez-Monge, Alcides1 aJanssen, Toon1 aFang, Yiwu1 aCouvreur, Marjolein1 aKarssen, Gerrit1 aBert, Wim  uhttp://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10658-016-1141-102311nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245019400055210006900249260000900318300001200327490000700339520162800346100001401974700002701988700001802015700002402033700001402057856004602071       2016                        eng d  a1388-554500aDescription of <i>Malenchus sexlineatus</i> n. sp., new records of three known species of <i>Malenchus andrassy</i>, 1968 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) and notes on amphidial aperture development0 aDescription of iMalenchus sexlineatusi n sp new records of three  c2016  a155-1740 v183 aA new species, Malenchus sexlineatus n. sp., discovered from the Philippines, is described based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is unusual in the genus by having six lateral lines. Malenchus sexlineatus n. sp. is distinguished from M. williamsi, the only other species in the genus with six lateral lines (based on currently available SEM data), by a shorter body of 278 (270-288) vs 452 (425-495) mu m, shorter stylet (7.0 (6.2-7.5) vs 11-12 mu m), narrower annulations (0.8 (0.7-0.8) vs 1.2-1.6 mu m), lateral field comprising one elevated ridge in LM vs six well-separated incisures (resembling the lateral lines in Cephalenchus) in LM, the presence of S-shaped vs straight amphidial apertures, and vulval flaps absent or only one annuli long vs distinct. By having an exceptionally short body, M. sexlineatus n. sp. comes close to M. parvus, M. bryanti and M. acarayensis. However, there are significant differences in the lateral lines, annuli width and most morphometric ratios. Three known species, namely M. exiguus, M. nanellus and M. pachycephalus, all being first records and first representative from China, are characterised by morphological data. The new species was placed in a robustly supported clade containing two other Malenchus spp. and M. exiguus. Interestingly, M. pressulus was placed in a separate, unresolved phylogenetic position. However, the phylogenetic position of these clades could not be resolved within Tylenchidae. The shapes of the amphidial aperture and fovea within Malenchus are also compared and its possible developmental process is illustrated and discussed.1 aQing, Xue1 aSanchez-Monge, Alcides1 aJanssen, Toon1 aCouvreur, Marjolein1 aBert, Wim  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/722