01115nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245015700055210006900212300001200281490000700293520056500300100001400865700001600879700001600895856004600911       1994                        eng d  a1164-557100aTERRESTRIAL NEMATODES OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO .3. AENIGMENCHUS-FLOREANAE GEN-N, SP-N, A PUZZLING NEW SECERNENTEAN (DIPLOGASTERIDA, TYLOPHARYNGIDAE)0 aTERRESTRIAL NEMATODES OF THE GALAPAGOS ARCHIPELAGO 3 AENIGMENCHU  a339-3460 v173 aAenigmenchus floreanae gen. n., sp. n. is described from Isla Floreana, Galapagos, Ecuador. It is apparently close to Tylopharynx, but differs ia. in its tiny '' stylet '' (2.5-3.5 mum), very slender pharynx, female with rudimentary posterior reproductive branch, and male with only four genital papillae. The '' stylet '', overall body shape and proportions resemble those of Tylenchidae, while the spicules are reminescent of Cephalobidae. The amphidial apertures are minute pores, and the '' stylet '' is so small that its exact structure remains uncertain.1 aDeLey, P.1 aCoomans, A.1 aGeraert, E.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29000883nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245013800055210006900193300001200262490000700274520037400281100001800655700001800673856004600691       1994                        eng d  a1164-557100aON THE OCCURRENCE OF AN INNER STYLET IN ADULT TRICHODORIDS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON TRICHODORUS-NANJINGENSIS LIU AND CHENG, 19900 aOCCURRENCE OF AN INNER STYLET IN ADULT TRICHODORIDS AND ADDITION  a503-5070 v173 aAn inner stylet was observed in some males of Trichodorus nanjingensis but not in other specimens, males and females. It was therefore considered as an incidental maintenance of a juvenile character. Additional information on morphometric data and on the variability of diagnostic features of Trichodorus nanjingensis is presented, together with detailed illustrations.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aCheng, H., R.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29100997nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012600055210006900181300001200250490000700262520048000269100001400749700001400763700001600777856004600793       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100aSTUDIES ON HALIPLECTUS COBB, 1913 - INTRODUCTION AND REDESCRIPTION OF H-BICKNERI CHITWOOD, 1956 (NEMATODA, HALIPLECTIDAE)0 aSTUDIES ON HALIPLECTUS COBB 1913 INTRODUCTION AND REDESCRIPTION   a129-1350 v163 aSpecimens of Haliplectus bickneri Chitwood, 1956 were collected from two localities in southern Africa : Swartvlei in the Cape Province and Cebe, Transkei. A SEM-study was conducted on the Swartvlei-population, resulting in a better understanding of the external head morphology, cephalic receptors, supplements and the midventral ridge in males. An interesting feature of these specimens is the sometimes huge, yellowish coelomocytes occurring in specific areas of the body.1 aSwart, A.1 aHeyns, J.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29301399nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245013300055210006900188300001200257490000700269520090300276100001201179700001601191856004601207       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100aDESCRIPTION OF XIPHINEMA-ABEOKUTAE N-SP AND REDESCRIPTION OF X-PAULISTANUM CARVALHO, 1965, 2 RARE SPECIES (NEMATA, LONGIDORIDAE)0 aDESCRIPTION OF XIPHINEMAABEOKUTAE NSP AND REDESCRIPTION OF XPAUL  a393-3990 v163 aXiphinema abeokutae n. sp. from cocoa soil in Nigeria is described and illustrated. Only few specimens were found; the new species is characterized by having a lip area continuous with the rest of the body, a pseudo-Z-organ, a tail regularly conical, curved ventrad in both sexes, and the absence of medioventral supplements in the male. X. paulistanum Carvalho, 1965, found once in Sao Paulo, Brazil is redescribed on the holotype female and the allotype male (only one additional female was originally reported). Observations confirmed the original description, but permitted to clear the structure of the female genital system in detail : the anterior genital branch is composed of an uterus similar to that of the posterior branch, but the oviduct is reduced to an unorganized mass and the ovary is absent. This species is close to X. krugi Lordello, 1955 and X. llanosum Siddiqi & Lenne, 1990.1 aLuc, M.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29500778nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191300001200260490000700272520024700279100002000526700001200546700001600558856004600574       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100aTHE XIPHINEMA-AMERICANUM GROUP (NEMATODA, DORYLAIMIDA) .1. COMMENTS UPON THE KEY TO SPECIES PUBLISHED BY LAMBERTI AND CARONE (1992)0 aXIPHINEMAAMERICANUM GROUP NEMATODA DORYLAIMIDA 1 COMMENTS UPON T  a355-3580 v163 aThe theoretical and practical shortcomings of the key to the Xiphinema americanum group published by Lamberti and Carone (1992) are pointed out, and some suggestions are given to improve the possibilities of identifying species in this group.1 aLoof, P., A. A.1 aLuc, M.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29601888nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245009100055210006900146300001000215490000700225520142800232100001601660700002001676856004601696       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100a4 NEW SPECIES OF APHANOLAIMUS-DE-MAN, 1880 (NEMATODA, ARAEOLAIMIDA) FROM SOUTH-AMERICA0 a4 NEW SPECIES OF APHANOLAIMUSDEMAN 1880 NEMATODA ARAEOLAIMIDA FR  a87-950 v163 aFour new species of Aphanolaimus de Man, 1880 are described from South America. A. aymarae n. sp., characterized by body length 1.4-1.8 mm, amphidial fovea forming a complete circle with faint elevation, lateral field originating at the 27th to 45th annulus, 600-700 annuli, spinneret broadly conoid, terminal part not protruding and V-shaped vagina, A. boliviensis n. sp., characterized by body length 1-1.3 mm, amphidial fovea forming a complete spiral, lateral field originating at the 13th to 18th annulus, 420-520 annuli, spinneret conoid with terminal part slightly narrower, posterior part of stoma sclerotized, straight vagina, spicules 32-33 mum and 7-8 pre-anal supplements and A. quechuae n. sp., characterized by body length 1.2-1.3 mm, amphidial fovea forming a circle without prominent central elevation, lateral field originating at the 6th to 10th annulus, 525-610 annuli, spinneret bluntly conoid, vagina straight, spicules 40-46 mum and 7-8 pre-anal supplements, were found in the Andean region of Bolivia. A. brasiliensis n. sp. was collected from soil around the roots of cacao in Brazil and is characterized by body length 0.6 mm, amphidial fovea forming a single complete spiral with central elevation, lateral field originating at the 13th to 15th annulus, lateral field also indented in the middle of each annulus, 235-269 annuli, cuticle with longitudinal striations and long needle-like spinneret.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A., V.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/29801448nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245011100055210006900166300001200235490000700247520087600254100001801130700001301148700001701161700002101178700002101199856004601220       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100aTRICHODORIDAE FROM SOUTHERN SPAIN, WITH DESCRIPTION OF TRICHODORUS-GIENNENSIS N-SP (NEMATA, TRICHODORIDAE)0 aTRICHODORIDAE FROM SOUTHERN SPAIN WITH DESCRIPTION OF TRICHODORU  a407-4160 v163 aDuring a survey of Trichodoridae in the province Jaen, south-eastern Spain, a new Trichodorus species, Trichodorus giennensis sp. n. was found. This species is characterized by two ventromedian cervical papillae, the shape of the spicules with widened manubrium and slender calomus with at mid-level a slight constriction provided with bristles in males, and by a barrel-shaped vagina, small triangular oblique vaginal sclerotized pieces and a single pair of postadvulvar lateral body pores in female. T. giennensis sp. n. closely resembles the '' Trichodorus aequalis '' species group, and more specifically T. sparsus Szczygiel, 1968. The occurrence of Trichodorus viruliferus Hooper, 1963 and Paratrichodorus teres (Hooper, 1962) represent new records for Spain. Additional morphometric and morphological data are given for P. hispanus Roca & Arias, 1986 and P. teres.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aRoca, F.1 aCastillo, P.1 aPenasantiago, R.1 aGomezbarcina, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/30001562nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162300001200231490000700243520108700250100001801337700001501355856004601370       1993                        eng d  a1164-557100a2 NEW SPECIES OF TRICHODORUS FROM SOUTH-AFRICA, WITH A NOTE ON T-PETRUSALBERTI (NEMATA, TRICHODORIDAE)0 a2 NEW SPECIES OF TRICHODORUS FROM SOUTHAFRICA WITH A NOTE ON TPE  a273-2820 v163 aTwo new species of the genus Trichodorus are described from South Africa. Trichodorus magnus n. sp. is characterized in males, by the presence of one medioventral cervical papilla, shape of spicules (stout with indentation) and non-thickened terminal cuticle; in females, by the shape of the vaginal sclerotizations, the pore-like vulva in ventral view and a pair of postadvulvar sublateral body pores and in both sexes by the long body and long onchiostyle (62.5-71 mum). Trichodorus kilianae n. sp. is characterized in males by presence of a single cervical medioventral papilla, a non-thickened terminal tail cuticle and shape of spicules (slender, with septum in front of a clear but irregular indentation); in females by small vaginal sclerotizations and pore-like vulva in ventral view and in both sexes by a slender and long body, onchiostyle length of 45-49 mum and anterior position of the excretory pore. For the first time an inner stylet was observed in adults of a Trichodorus species : T. petrusalberti De Waele, 1988. Additional details are given for T petrusalberti.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aMarais, M.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/30101305nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137300001000206490000700216520083200223100001401055700001601069700001601085856004601101       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aEffect of temperature on the in vitro reproduction of Aphelenchoides rutgersi0 aEffect of temperature on the in vitro reproduction of Aphelencho  a47-520 v193 aThe effect of temperature on egg production, hatching and the life cycle from adult to adult of Aphelenchoides rutgersi was investigated in vitro. The optimum temperature for the reproduction of A. rutgersi was 28 degrees C. At this temperature, a freshly matured female deposited on average 60 eggs during the first 11 days of its reproductive period; hatching started on day 2; egg viability was about 80 % in sterile tap water and over 95 % in axenic medium; minimum development time was 6 days; and the time required for a 100 % increase in adult females was slightly more than 8 days. At 33 degrees C, A. rutgersi was unable to increase its population. As the temperature decreased below 28 degrees C, fewer eggs were produced, hatching started later, and both minimum and mean generation time were at least 2 days longer.1 aMoens, T.1 aCoomans, A.1 aDeWaele, D.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/25101031nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245013600055210006900191300001200260490000700272520053000279100001400809700001600823856004600839       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aTerrestrial nematodes of the Galapagos archipelago .6. Punchaulus gemellensis, a new genus and species of Aphelenchina (Tylenchida)0 aTerrestrial nematodes of the Galapagos archipelago 6 Punchaulus   a159-1650 v193 aPunchaulus gemellensis gen. n., sp. n. is described from Los Gemelos, Isla Santa Cruz, Galapagos, Ecuador. It is characterized by short and plump body (L = 300-404 mu m, a = 14-19); large excretory pore located near the base of the procorpus; nearly spherical median bulb; a non-muscular, 19-22 mu m long, isthmus; monodelphic female reproductive system without post vulval sac; spicules with well-developed rostrum and ventral limb extending beyond dorsal limb; and conical tail ending in a truncate, finely fimbriated stub.1 aDeLey, P.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/25401088nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245007400055210006900129300001200198490000700210520059000217100001800807700001200825700001900837700001600856856004600872       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aStudy of the genus Xiphidorus Monteiro, 1976 (Nematoda: Longidoridae)0 aStudy of the genus Xiphidorus Monteiro 1976 Nematoda Longidorida  a207-2250 v193 aAn extensive survey of longidorids in Argentina resulted in the collection of numerous populations pertaining to various species of Xiphidorus. Their study provides additional information on each of them and thus enlarges our knowledge of intraspecific variation. Nematodes studied are: X. amazonensis, X. balcarceanus, X. saladillensis, X. yepesara, X. achalae, and X. minor. X. tucumanensis is proposed as a junior synonym of X. balcarceanus and X. parthenus as a subspecies, X. yepesara parthenus n. grad., besides X. yepesara yepesara. A key to the species and subspecies is given.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aLuc, M.1 aDoucet, M., E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/25500492nas a2200133   4500008004100000020001400041245013500055210006900190300001200259490000700271100001800278700001600296856004600312       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aOn the taxonomic status of Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi, 1961 and H-strictathecatus Esser, 1960 (Nematoda: Criconematidae)0 ataxonomic status of Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi 1961 an  a608-6080 v191 aDecraemer, W.1 aGeraert, E.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/25601366nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245016500055210006900220300001200289490000700301520072500308100001701033700001501050700001401065700001501079700001601094700001601110856004601126       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aEffect of nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains on free-living nematodes .2. Ultrastructural analysis of the intoxication process in Caenorhabditis elegans0 aEffect of nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains on freelivi  a407-4140 v193 aTransmission electron microscopy is used to describe the intoxication in Caenorhabditis elegans, feeding on toxic spore/crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis. The toxin acts directly against the intestine, first by affecting the anteriormost ring of four intestinal cells. Over a period of 12 hours, these cells lose much of their volume, the microvilli regress slowly, several cell organelles undergo dramatic change and are ultimately destroyed. No rupture of the apical intestinal cell membrane is observed. Non-intestinal tissues seem unaffected. This study indicates considerable ultrastructural differences in the mode of action between the nematicidal toxin and the insecticidal crystal toxins from B. thuringiensis.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aLeyns, F.1 aArnaut, G.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26001673nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245013200055210006900187300001200256490000700268520106500275100001701340700001501357700001401372700001501386700001601401700001601417856004601433       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aEffect of a nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strain on free-living nematodes .3. Characterization of the intoxication process0 aEffect of a nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strain on freeliv  a523-5280 v193 aThe toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis is temperature sensitive. Incubation of Caenorhabditis elegans with nematicidal B. thuringiensis strains at 16, 20, and 25 degrees C shows that toxicity decreases as temperature declines. At 16 degrees C, toxicity is completely lost, while it is maximal at 25 degrees C. Toxicity is pH sensitive and is significantly reduced when nematodes are incubated with the weak bases NH4Cl, chloroquine, acridine orange, methyl red, and neutral red. Based on these results, we proposed the hypothesis that the nematicidal factor is effectively internalized into the intestinal cells, a sharp deviation from the insecticidal B. thuringiensis toxins acting at the level of the brush border membrane. Although the absence of purified toxin prevents a more definitive elucidation of the mode of action, the results of this third and final part of this series of publications convincingly indicate that nematicidal B. thuringiensis do not hold the same promise as a biological control agent as the insecticidal B. thuringiensis strains.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aLeyns, F.1 aArnaut, G.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26102028nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245022500055210006900280300001200349490000700361520132700368100001701695700001501712700001401727700001501741700001601756700001601772856004601788       1996                        eng d  a1164-557100aEffect of nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains on free-living nematodes .1. Light microscopic observations, species and biological stage specificity and identification of resistant mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans0 aEffect of nematicidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains on freelivi  a391-3980 v193 aLight-microscopic observations of the toxic action of Bacillus thuringiensis spore/crystals reveals that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the intestine is destroyed in two stages over a period of 24 h. The anterior ring of four cells is the first and foremost target. Observations indicate that the intestine is the only tissue being destroyed. Screening of fourteen additional rhabditid nematode species against three nematicidal B. thuringiensis strains active against C. elegans, resulted in only one additional sensitive nematode species, and indicates a high species specificity of the nematicidal factor. However, in contrast to insect-specific B. thuringiensis toxins, the nematicidal toxin exhibits low developmental stage specificity against C. elegans; all developmental stages, including adult nematodes are sensitive. Moreover, sensitivity increases as development proceeds. Using ethyl methyl sulfonate induced mutagenesis two mutants of C. elegans have been recovered, exhibiting reduced sensitivity of up to 50 % against one of the nematicidal strains. Moreover, one of the mutants exhibited cross-resistance to a second nematicidal B. thuringiensis strain against which it was not screened. Preliminary data indicate that the reduced sensitivity in the mutants is not due to reduced pharyngeal pumping activity.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aLeyns, F.1 aArnaut, G.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26201537nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156300001200225490000700237520106800244100001501312700001801327856004601345       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aTRICHODORUS SPECIES FROM CHINA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF T-PARACEDARUS N-SP (NEMATA, TRICHODORIDAE)0 aTRICHODORUS SPECIES FROM CHINA WITH A DESCRIPTION OF TPARACEDARU  a455-4640 v183 aThree Trichodorus species, T. paracedarus n. sp., T. cedarus Yokoo, 1964 and T. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1962, are reported from eastern China T. paracedarus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of three ventromedian cervical papillae, almost straight or slightly ventrally curved spicules with a finely striated shaft of about equal width, the location of the posterior precloacal supplement (SP1) opposite the distal third of retracted retracted spicules, strongly reduced pore-like SP2 and SP3, straight posterior body end with little developed copulatory muscles, the presence of a distinct bursa and the thickened terminal tail cuticle with a ventral indentation in the male; and by the usually triangular sclerotized vaginal pieces and the presence of a pair of lateral postadvulvar body pores in female. Morphometric data are given of some populations of T. cedarus and T. pakistanensis, which represent new records for China. Differences with the type populations and other formerly described populations of T. cedarus and T. pakistanensis are discussed.1 aXu, J., H.1 aDecraemer, W.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26901094nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245008000055210006900135300001200204490000700216520064800223100001600871700001500887856004600902       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aPARAXIPHIDORUS-MICHELLUCI N-G, N-SP FROM ARGENTINA (NEMATODA, LONGIDORIDAE)0 aPARAXIPHIDORUSMICHELLUCI NG NSP FROM ARGENTINA NEMATODA LONGIDOR  a303-3060 v183 aParaxiphidorus michelluci n.g. n.sp. is described based an three specimens from uncultivated soil in Argentina. The new genus is characterized by an expanded, offset lip region; stirrup-shaped amphids with wide aperture; odontostyle with forked base, odontophore weakly flanged; guiding ring far posterior; ventromedian supplements outside range of spicules and convex-conoid tail. It resembles Xiphidorus Monteiro, 1976 and Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper and Khan, 1963 but differs from the former in amphid structure and from the latter in styler structure, position of guiding ring and in number and position of the supplements in the male.1 aCoomans, A.1 aChaves, E.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27301978nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245010400055210006900159300000900228490000700237520147900244100001701723700001801740700001601758856004601774       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aSCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF THE OUTER AND INNER SURFACE OF THE BUCCAL CAVITY OF SOME MONONCHIDA0 aSCANNING ELECTRONMICROSCOPY OF THE OUTER AND INNER SURFACE OF TH  a1-100 v183 aThe buccal cavity of six Mononchida was studied using a combination of dissection and extraction to view the inner and outer structures of the buccal cavity with respect to the surrounding tissue. The extraction of the buccal cavities was done by using a solution consisting of beta-mercapto-ethanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate. As these chemicals denature proteins, they allowed elimination of all surrounding tissue of the buccal cavity, making possible detailed study of its surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy. This solution offers the advantage, over the use of the hypochlorite solution, that prolonged incubation does not lead to a loss of fine detail. The extraction of the buccal cavity showed that the outer surface does contain considerable fine detail and some more massive structures previously unreported. The buccal cavity can be divided into two areas: an anterior area with parallel sides and oblique basal area. This subdivision is arbitrary but it distinguishes between the more or less straight dorsal and two ventrosublateral vertical buccal plates that may carry teeth and the bottom of the buccal cavity, formed by three oblique basal plates, curved towards the centre. The presence of completely detached stoma plates (one dorsal and two ventrosublateral plates) and completely detached basal plates from stoma plates in Anatonchus tridentatus distinguishes it from the other Mononchids studied. A possible functional explanation is discussed.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aDiressche, R.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27501636nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169300001200238490000700250520106700257100001701324700001501341700002001356700001601376700001601392856004601408       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aPRESENCE OF PERITROPHIC-LIKE MEMBRANES IN THE INTESTINE OF 3 BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)0 aPRESENCE OF PERITROPHICLIKE MEMBRANES IN THE INTESTINE OF 3 BACT  a227-2330 v183 aUltrastructural analysis shows the presence of membranes originating at the top of the intestinal microvilli, along the entire length of the intestine in the three rhabditid nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus. The membranes allow the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate, methyl red, neutral red and acridine orange, but allow only sparse passage of ferritin molecules. Upon the introduction of a sublethal dose of sodium azide, the intestinal lumen displays an increased secretion of membrane layers. Whole mount staining of the nematodes with the Solanum tuberosum and Triticum vulgare lectins, known to bind with high affinity to chitin, shows only specific binding of Solanum tuberosum lectin to the brush border in all developmental stages of C. elegans, P. superbus and A. maximus. The results reveal the presence of membranes in the intestine of three species of one of the most ancient metazoan phyla, exhibiting morphological and functional characteristics reminiscent of peritrophic membranes in insects.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aVanfleteren, J.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27601738nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169300001200238490000700250520120100257100001701458700001501475700001601490700001601506856004601522       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aIN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINE OF 15 BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)0 aINVIVO AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINE OF 15 BACTE  a115-1220 v183 aThe intestine of the fifteen free-living Rhabditida belonging to three different families was studied using three different approaches : i) using three different axenic media, cultivation of all fifteen nematode species was attempted; ii) in vivo analyses were performed by using two vital stains and one fluorescent dye and by comparing staining patterns; iii) in vitro analyses was done using the intestinal markers acid phosphatase, esterase and the lectin of Ricinus communis II. Although the nematodes can be cultured monoxenically on the same bacterium, Escherichia coli, attempts to culture the fifteen nematode species on the same axenic medium failed. Distinct differences are observed between different areas along the intestinal tract by in vivo study using stains. Similar observations were made in vitro using the intestinal marker acid phosphatase and the binding pattern of Ricinus communis II. This was less evident using esterase as a marker, since considerable non-intestinal tissue staining was evident. The data obtained indicate considerable biochemical differences in the intestinal cells between the nematode species, even if the nematode species belong to the same family.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27701400nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245016400055210006900219300001200288490000700300520081300307100001701120700001501137700001601152700001601168856004601184       1995                        eng d  a1164-557100aULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTESTINE OF THE BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS, PANAGROLAIMUS SUPERBUS AND ACROBELOIDES MAXIMUS (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)0 aULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTESTINE OF THE BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES  a123-1330 v183 aThe intestine of the three free-living rhabditid nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus was studied using transmission electron microscopy of sections made at three locations along the intestine. Between the three nematode species, ultrastructural differences in cellular components are minor. However, two cell types present in all three nematode species are positioned differently along the intestinal tract. Furthermore, two different types of secretions into the intestinal lumen were identified, one only at the anterior intestine, the second present along the entire length of the intestinal lumen. F-actin staining of fifteen whole-mount nematodes revealed the presence of a well developed, cross-shaped intestinal muscle, only present in Cephalobid species.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aClaeys, M.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27801366nas a2200181   4500008004100000020001400041245015500055210006900210260001200279300001200291490000700303520076400310100001201074700001601086700002001102700001601122856004601138       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aThe Xiphinema americanum group (Nematoda : Longidoridae). 2. Observations on Xiphinema brevicollum Lordello & da Costa, 1961 and comments on the group0 aXiphinema americanum group Nematoda Longidoridae 2 Observations   cSep-Oct  a475-4900 v213 aThis article begins with a critical review of the article of Lamberti et al. (1992) with descriptions of X. brevicollum, X. diffusum, and three new species (X. parvum, X. pseudoguirani, X. taylori), all closely related to each other. After studying type specimens of these five species and paratypes of X. incognitum and X. sheri, the present authors propose X. diffusum, X. incognitum, X, parvum, X. pseudoguirani, X. sheri, and X, taylori as junior synonyms of X. brevicollum. The second part of the article includes a detailed characterization of the Xiphinema americanum-group and a list of its species. X. pachydermum, X. brevisicum, X. longistilum, X. mesostilum, and X, microstilum are excluded from the X. americanum-group. (C) Orstom/Elsevier, Paris.1 aLuc, M.1 aCoomans, A.1 aLoof, P., A. A.1 aBaujard, P.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/22701138nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245009200055210006900147260001200216300001200228490000700240520065100247100001800898700001800916856004600934       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aOn the ultrastructure of the cuticle of Trichodoridae Thorns, 1935 (Nematoda : Enoplia)0 aultrastructure of the cuticle of Trichodoridae Thorns 1935 Nemat  cSep-Oct  a501-5100 v213 aThe fine structure of the body cuticle was studied in Trichodorus primitivus, I: similis, T. hooperi, I: viruliferus, Paratrichodorus pachydermus, and I? nanus. The ultrastructure of the cuticle was mostly similar to recent observations on four species from western Africa. Some intraspecific differences were seen in the thickness of layers 4 and 6. The ultrastructure of the body cuticle in the region of the retracted spicules in I? pachydermus is clearly different from that in T. primitivus. This result confirms the diagnostic value of presence vs absence of caudal alae for differentiating the didelphic genera. (C) Orstom/Elsevier, Paris.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aRobertson, W.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/22801546nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260001200238300001200250490000700262520100800269100001801277700001901295700001601314856004601330       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aLongidoridae from Argentina with the description of Paraxiphidorus brevistylus sp n (Nematoda : Longidoridae)0 aLongidoridae from Argentina with the description of Paraxiphidor  cJul-Aug  a371-3880 v213 aParaxiphidorus brevistylus sp.n. is described based on male, female, and juvenile specimens from uncultivated soil in Argentina. The new species is characterized by the short odontostyle, the comparatively anterior position of the guide ring, and a combination of body length, lip region width, and number of ventromedian supplements similar to those of P. michelluci and ratios a and c, spicule length, and length of lateral guiding pieces similar to those of P. heynsi. Additional information is provided on Xiphidorus minor, Xiphinema surinamense, and X. krugi. The reproductive system (structure of the uteri) of Argentinean females of X, surinamense was somewhat different from earlier descriptions: in the posterior branch, the proximal part of the uterus is well differentiated from a narrower strongly developed muscular median uterus filled with spiniform crystalloid structures; in the anterior branch, the uterus is long, glandular, and not clearly differentiated. (C) Orstom/Elsevier, Paris.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aDoucet, M., E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23000840nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260001200246300001000258490000700268520032700275100001800602700001600620856004600636       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aA polytomous key for the identification of species of the family Trichodoridae Thorne, 1935 (Nematoda : Triplonchida)0 apolytomous key for the identification of species of the family T  cJan-Feb  a37-620 v213 aThe species of the family Trichodoridae are listed with their current taxonomical status. A polytomous key to males and females of the 90 species of the family is presented. To avoid misidentification at genus level, the species of the four genera of the family are treated as a single group in the present polytomous key.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aBaujard, P.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23100822nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001000281490000700291520028600298100001800584700001600602856004600618       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aTaxonomic status of Paratrichodorus faisalabadensis Nasira and Maqbool, 1994 and P-psidii Nasira and Maqbool, 1994 (Nematoda : Triplonchida)0 aTaxonomic status of Paratrichodorus faisalabadensis Nasira and M  cJan-Feb  a33-360 v213 aThe Pakistan species P. faisalabadensis and P. psidii described by Nasira and Maqbool (1994) are synonymized with P. mirzai (Siddiqi, 1960) Siddiqi, 1974 based on a detailed study of type specimens. The presence of a second pair of post-cloacal papillae in P. mirzai is questioned.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aBaujard, P.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23200483nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245010800055210006900163260001200232300001200244490000700256100001600263700001200279856004600291       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aXiphinema bacaniboia Orton Williams, 1984, a member of the X-americanum-group (Nematoda : Longidoridae)0 aXiphinema bacaniboia Orton Williams 1984 a member of the Xameric  cJan-Feb  a106-1060 v211 aCoomans, A.1 aLuc, M.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23501184nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245009800055210006900153260001200222300001200234490000700246520069600253100001600949700001500965856004600980       1998                        eng d  a1164-557100aStructure of the female reproductive system of Xiphinema americanum (Nematoda : Longidoridae)0 aStructure of the female reproductive system of Xiphinema america  cSep-Oct  a569-5800 v213 aThe female reproductive system of Xiphinema americanum differs from that of other Xiphinema species in several respects. The ovary has branched oocytes surrounded by epithelial wall cells in which symbiotic bacteria are embedded. The oviduct has a long pars dilatata which is not clearly separated from the slender part; its wall is extensively folded and extendible. The sphincter between oviduct and uterus has a sinuous lumen and 'internal musculature'. The uterus is extremely short and has a folded wall; the two uteri constitute together an extendible ovejector. Shortening of the uterus is considered to be an evolutionary trend in the X. americanum-group. (C) Orstom/Elsevier, Paris.1 aCoomans, A.1 aClaeys, M.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23601483nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245023300055210006900288300001200357490000700369520088500376100001401261700001601275856004601291       1997                        eng d  a1164-557100aTerrestrial nematodes from the Galapagos Archipelago .7. Description of Tylocephalus nimius sp n and new data on the morphology, development and behaviour of T-auriculatus (Butschli, 1873) Anderson, 1966 (Leptolaimina:Plectidae)0 aTerrestrial nematodes from the Galapagos Archipelago 7 Descripti  a213-2280 v203 aTylocephalus nimius sp.n, is described from Isla Santa Cruz and Isla Floreana. It has cornua measuring 12-14 mu m and cervical expansions extending well posterior to the anteriormost somatic setae. The known species T. auriculatus is described from soil and from a derived culture. On agar, T. auriculatus swings its lip region dorsally and ventrally during feeding, in a continuously oscillating sweeping motion independent of body locomotion. The hypothesis is proposed that this behaviour is functionally linked to the expanded and flattened lip region, and that T. auriculatus and other Wilsonematinae are specialized in sweeping up bacteria attached to flat microsurfaces in soils. Furthermore, morphological and developmental observations suggest that the species has only three juvenile stages, with marked metamorphosis of the lip region during the first and second moult.1 aDeLey, P.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/23900958nas a2200145   4500008004100000020001400041245009200055210006900147300001200216490000700228520049700235100001800732700001600750856004600766       1997                        eng d  a1164-557100aDesmoscolex (Desmolorenzenia) camerunensis n sp (Nematoda:Desmoscolecida) from Cameroon0 aDesmoscolex Desmolorenzenia camerunensis n sp NematodaDesmoscole  a233-2380 v203 aA new terrestrial desmoscolecid species, Desmoscolex (Desmolorenzenia) camerunensis sp.n., is described from a tropical forest in Cameroon. The new species is characterized by eighteen main rings, a rounded rectangular head, a lip region pattern with a rosette-like labial ridge of which each sector embrace a fine labial seta with a pore at its base, large grooved amphids, sexual dimorphism in the somatic setal pattern, and the shape of the end ring with uncovered annulated tube-like end.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aSturhan, D.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/24001393nas a2200193   4500008004100000020001400041245012600055210006900181300001200250490000700262520078200269100001701051700002101068700001701089700001501106700001601121700001601137856004601153       1997                        eng d  a1164-557100aInternal lectin binding patterns in the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus0 aInternal lectin binding patterns in the nematodes Caenorhabditis  a173-1860 v203 aUsing ten different lectins, the binding patterns were studied in three free-living rhabditid nematodes : Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus, and Acrobeloides maximus. Although all the nematode tissues showed binding by one or more of the lectins used, considerable differences were noticed between the three nematode species. Yolk, four of the coelomocytes, and the oocytes bind most often with the lectins used. Although the intestinal brush border interacts with a lot of foreign materials, it stained only with few lectins. The lectin binding pattern of the yolk indicated that, at the time of incorporation of the yolk in embryos or shortly thereafter, a processing of the yolk occurs resulting in changes in lectin-binding characteristics of the yolk protein.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aVanDriessche, E.1 aLink, C., D.1 aClaeys, M.1 aDeWaele, D.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/245