@article {Qing2017b,
	title = {3D printing in zoological systematics: Integrative taxonomy of <i>Labrys chinensis</i> gen. nov., sp. nov. (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha)},
	journal = {Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research},
	number = {July},
	year = {2017},
	keywords = {3d modeling, NEMATODE, new genus, new species, phylogeny, Tylenchidae},
	issn = {09475745},
	doi = {10.1111/jzs.12191},
	url = {http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jzs.12191},
	author = {Qing, Xue and Bert, Wim}
}
@article {223,
	title = {Nematode species of the order Tylenchida, new to the Belgian Nematofauna with additional morphological data},
	journal = {Belgian Journal of ZoologyBelgian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {130},
	number = {1},
	year = {2000},
	note = {Times Cited: 3 Article English Bert, W State Univ Ghent, Inst Zool, Ledeganeckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 52 281QT SOCIETE ROYALE ZOOLOGIQUE DE BELGIQUE C/O PROF DR E SCHOCKAERT, DEPT SBG, LIMBURGS UNIVERSITAIR CENTRUM, B-3590 DIEPENBEEK, BELGIUM DIEPENBEEK},
	pages = {47-57},
	abstract = {Ten nematode species belonging to the order Tylenchida were recorded for the first time in Belgium: Tylenchus arcuatus, Coslenchus polonicus, Basiria graminophila, Cephalenchus leptus, PI Pratylenchus flakkensis, Hirschmanniella loofi, Hirschmanniella gracilis, Helicotylenchus varicaudatus, Paratylenchus similis and Gracilacus aculenta. The genera Cephalenchus and Hirschmanniella are first genera records. For each species, morphometrical and morphological information is presented. Special attention has been given to the female reproductive system. The nematofauna review of the Nematofauna of Belgium (COOMANs, 1989) has been updated: records from our study as well as from others were added},
	keywords = {Belgium, female reproductive system, Hirschmanniella, morphology, NEMATODE, nematofauna, ORDER TYLENCHIDA, Pratylenchus, REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM, SEM, TYLENCHIDA, TYLENCHOIDEA},
	isbn = {0777-6276},
	author = {Bert, W. and Geraert, E.}
}
@article {198,
	title = {Video capture and editing as a tool for the storage, distribution, and illustration of morphological characters of nematodes},
	journal = {Journal of NematologyJournal of Nematology},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Times Cited: 14 Article English De Ley, P Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Nematol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA Cited References Count: 9 653YM SOC NEMATOLOGISTS 3012 SKYVIEW DRIVE, LAKELAND, FL 33801-7072 USA LAKELAND},
	pages = {296-302},
	abstract = {Morphological identification and detailed observation of nematodes usually requires permanent slides, but these are never truly permanent and often prevent the same specimens to be used for other purposes. To efficiently record the morphology of nematodes in a format that allows easy archiving, editing, and distribution, we have assembled two micrographic video capture and editing (VCE) configurations. These assemblies allow production of short video clips that mimic multifocal observation of nematode specimens through a light microscope. Images so obtained can be used for training, management, and online access of "virtual voucher specimens" in taxonomic collections, routine screening of fixed or unfixed specimens, recording of ephemeral staining patterns, or recording of freshly dissected internal organs prior to their decomposition. We provide an overview of the components and operation of both of our systems and evaluate their efficiency and image quality. We conclude that VCE is a highly versatile approach that is likely to become widely used in nematology research and teaching},
	keywords = {computer applications, CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY, DATABASE, distribution, IDENTIFICATION, image editing, methods, microscopy, morphology, NEMATODE, nematodes, TOOL, type collections, video, World Wide Web},
	isbn = {0022-300X},
	author = {De Ley, P. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {174,
	title = {Morphology of some cyst-forming nematodes from Iran},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Maafi, Z. T Plant Pests \& Dis Res Inst, POB 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran Cited References Count: 40 841SW MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLAND DUNDEE},
	pages = {59-77},
	abstract = {A survey conducted to identify cyst-forming nematodes in Iran revealed the presence of species belonging to the genera Heterodera and Cactodera. Heterodera elachista, H. fici, H. glycines, H. goettingiana, H. humuli, H. turcomanica and Cactodera cacti obtained from different plants and regions are described for the first time from Iran. Morphological features and morphometric characters with comparative details for these species as well as for H. mothi are presented and the relationship of some of the species with similar species is discussed},
	keywords = {Cactodera cacti, CHARACTERS, CYST-FORMING NEMATODES, GLYCINES, H.elachista, H.fici, H.glycines, H.goettingiana, H.humuli, H.mothi, H.turcomanica, HETERODERA, HETERODERIDAE, IDENTITY, Iran, KEY, morphology, N-SP NEMATODA, NEMATODE, nematodes, PLANTS, SEQUENCES, Survey},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Maafi, Z. T. and Sturhan, D. and Kheiri, A. and Geraert, E. and Subbotin, S. A.}
}
@article {176,
	title = {Constant and continuous growth reduction as a possible cause of ageing},
	journal = {International Journal of Developmental BiologyInternational Journal of Developmental Biology},
	volume = {48},
	number = {4},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Geraert, E State Univ Ghent, Vakgrp Biol, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 12 837VI U B C PRESS UNIV BASQUE COUNTRY, EDITORIAL SERVICES, PO BOX 1397, E-48080 BILBAO, SPAIN BILBAO},
	pages = {271-274},
	abstract = {Post-embryonic growth is characterized by a constant reduction of some growth parameters in relation to other growth parameters. Comparison of growth in chickens, rats and nematodes reveals an identical growth pattern, so a theory about the growth process in general is presented. It is presumed that the same growth promoting and growth inhibiting substances regulate not only growth but also ageing and that it is the equilibrium between growth promoters and growth inhibitors which is constantly changed},
	keywords = {ageing, allometry, BODY-WIDTH, chicken, ESOPHAGUS, FORM, GENERAL-MODEL, growth inhibitor, growth promoter, LAWS, NEMATODE, nematodes, parabolic curve, rat skull, SPAIN},
	isbn = {0214-6282},
	author = {Geraert, E.}
}
@article {188,
	title = {<i>Baujardia mirabilis</i> gen. n., sp n. from pitcher plants and its phylogenetic position within Panagrolaimidae (Nematoda : Rhabditida)},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {5},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Bert, W State Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 26 731KR BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS LEIDEN Part 3},
	pages = {405-420},
	abstract = {Measurements. line drawings and scanning electromicrographs are provided of Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n., isolated from pitcher fluid of Nepenthes mirabilis from Thailand. The new genus differs from all known nematodes in having two opposing and offset spermatheca-like pouches at the junction of oviduct and uterus. It also differs from most known Rhabditida in having four cephalic setae instead of papillae. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rDNA sequence data robustly places the new genus within Panagrolaimidae as a sister taxon to Panagrellus. These unusual nematodes resemble Panagrellus in body size (1.8-2.7 mill in females, 1.3-1.9 mm in males) and in the monodelphic, prodelphic female reproductive system with thickened vaginal walls and prominent postvulval sac. However. they differ from Panagrellus in the characters mentioned above, in their comparatively longer stegostom and in the shape of the male spicules. Because of its aberrant characters, inclusion of this new genus in Panagrolaimidae requires changes to the family diagnosis},
	keywords = {analysis, CEPHALOBIDAE, Evolution, FAMILY, freshwater, GENUS, MODEL, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, Nepenthes, new genus, new species, Panagrellus, phylogeny, REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM, RHABDITIDA, SEQUENCE, taxonomy, Thailand, TOOL},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Bert, W. and De Ley, I. T. and Van Driessche, R. and Segers, H. and De Ley, P.}
}
@article {149,
	title = {The somatic female gonad of Cephalobidae (Nematoda): cellular architecture and associated function},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {9},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Unit, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 46 197FO BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS LEIDEN Part 2},
	pages = {285-297},
	abstract = {The female reproductive system of the free-living nematode family Cephalobidae is examined by means of differential interference contrast, scanning electron and fluorescent microscopy. The model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the predatory nematode Prionchulus punctatus are also included in this study; the former mainly to test our results with the very detailed knowledge of this model organism, the latter to provide a representative of the more distantly related Enoplea. In this comparative approach, the analysed gonad structures are discussed with respect to their functional and phylogenetic significance. The general cellular composition of the cephalobid gonad - namely an oviduct comprising two rows of four cells, a distinctly offset spermatheca consisting of 8-16 cells, and a uterus composed of distinct cell rows - differs from all known Nematoda except that of the plant-parasitic Tylenchomorpha. Despite the striking evolutionary conservation of the cellular architecture of the cephalobid gonad there is a complex subcellular specialisation, namely a significant and functionally relevant variation in myofilament organisation, both among Cephalobidae and between major groups of nematodes. We demonstrate the presence of microfilaments that vary in pattern among species and that may play an important role in egg propulsion. The phenomenon of endotokia matricida, in which eggs do not leave the female body, is found to be associated with a massive rupture of the cytoskeleton in the uterus wall. The complexity of the myofibril structure and the associated potential to propagate oocytes actively cannot be solely explained by differences in phylogenetic history, but is also linked to body diameter. In the larger Acrobeloides maximus, the proximal end of the ovary sheath is adorned with 12 distinct longitudinal bands, antibody binding positively for paramyosin, while in the smaller Cephalobus cubaensis myofilament organisation is at random},
	keywords = {Acrobeloides, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, CALIFORNIA, CELLS, CEPHALOBIDAE, Cephalobus, Chiloplacus, cytoskeleton, Evolution, FAMILY, gonad, gonoduct, HERMAPHRODITE, LINEAGES, microscopy, MODEL, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, paramyosin, PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE, Prionchulus, propulsion, REDESCRIPTION, REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM, SPERMATHECA, THORNE, TYLENCHIDA, Zeldia},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Bert, W. and Vangestel, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Van Gansbeke, R. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {150,
	title = {Nematode communities of small farmland ponds},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {583},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 58 152JQ SPRINGER VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS DORDRECHT},
	pages = {91-105},
	abstract = {The nematofauna of 14 farmland ponds, selected according to a gradient of surrounding agricultural land-use intensity, from five regions in North-West of Belgium were studied. The total nematode density (9-411 ind./10 cm(2) per pond), and especially the number of species (4-12 species per pond) was especially low in these ponds. In total, 17 genera of free-living benthic nematodes, belonging to 15 families, are identified. Tobrilus gracilis and Eumonhystera filiformis were the most common species and were found in 13 and 12 of the 14 sampled ponds, respectively. The genera Tobrilus and Eumonhystera jointly comprise 77\% of the total nematofauna. Consequently, the investigated water bodies were dominated by deposit feeding Monhysteridae and/or by chewing Tobrilidae. Diplogasteridae and Rhabditidae, normally related with eutrophic habitats, were almost absent. In order to explain the variation of total density, diversity, feeding-types composition and the individual density of the six most important species within ponds as well, sets of environmental variables were statistically selected. It was demonstrated that morphologically very similar species can show highly different ecological properties. The presence of a substantial mud layer and of an overall high level of eutrophication as well as the presence of possibly associated anaerobic conditions are put forward as the main factors explaining the observed low density and diversity. Total phosphate concentration and sediment characteristics seem to be the most important variables to explain the nematode community structure. However, a clear pattern of environmental variables, agricultural land use and nematode assemblages was not observed},
	keywords = {BENTHIC NEMATODES, diversity, ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, FAMILY, FREE-LIVING NEMATODES, freshwater, LIFE-HISTORY, MATURITY INDEX, meiofauna, NATIONAL-PARK BERCHTESGADEN, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE KONIGSSEE, pool, SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION, SOUTHWEST GERMANY, SUBMOUNTAIN CARBONATE STREAM, water body},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Bert, W. and Messiaen, M. and Hendrickx, F. and Manhout, J. and De Bie, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {153,
	title = {Different roads to form the same gut in nematodes},
	journal = {Evolution \& DevelopmentEvolution \& Development},
	volume = {8},
	number = {4},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Borgonie, G Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 40 058HC BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND OXFORD},
	pages = {362-369},
	abstract = {The morphogenesis of a gut from the endoderm has been well studied among the animal kingdom and is also well described in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. But are there other ways to build a nematode intestine? Sulston et al. (1983) described a different intestinal cell lineage in the species Panagrellus redivivus and Turbatrix aceti that includes two programmed cell deaths. However, no details are known about the three-dimensional (3D) configuration and the role of the cell deaths. Here, we describe the intestinal morphogenesis of P. redivivus and five other nematode species by means of four-dimensional microscopy, which gives us a 3D representation of gut formation at the cellular level. The morphological pathway of gut formation is highly conserved among these distantly related species. However, we found the P. redivivus pattern in another related species Halicephalobus gingivalis. In this pattern, the intestinal precursors migrate inward in concert with the mesoderm precursors. Based on the observations, we propose a hypothesis that could explain the differences. The positions of the mesoderm precursors create a possible spatial constraint, by which the establishment of bilateral symmetry in the intestine is delayed. This symmetry is corrected by cell migrations; other cells are eliminated and compensated by supplementary cell divisions. This pattern leads to the same result as in the other nematodes: a bilateral symmetrical intestine with nine rings. This illustrates how conserved body plans can be achieved by different developmental mechanisms},
	keywords = {C-ELEGANS, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, EMBRYOGENESIS, EMBRYONIC-CELL LINEAGE, Evolution, FATE, INDUCTION, microscopy, MODEL, NEMATODE, nematodes, SPECIFICATION},
	isbn = {1520-541X},
	author = {Houthoofd, W. and Willems, M. and Vangestel, S. and Mertens, C. and Bert, W. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {158,
	title = {Evolutionary loss of parasitism by nematodes? Discovery of a free-living filaroid nematode},
	journal = {Journal of ParasitologyJournal of Parasitology},
	volume = {92},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 2 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 15 065CD AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA LAWRENCE},
	pages = {645-647},
	abstract = {A cattle-drinking pool in nature reserve "Zwin" on the Belgian coast contained free-living third-stage infective filaroid juveniles. These juveniles clearly differ morphologically from all known nematodes. Morphological and molecular analyses indicate a position within the Filaroidea. The aberrant biology of this nematode, namely. a free-living stage in ail aquatic environment. is unknown within this superfamily. and the evolution of the parasitic phenotype to a free-living state is generally thought to be unlikely. However, the obtained placement in the small subunit molecular phylogenetic tree suggests that this free-living stage is most likely a secondary adaptation. It is reasonable to assert that nematodes with complex life cycles still have the genetic potential for a reversion from parasitism to a (partial) free-living stage},
	keywords = {Evolution, NEMATODE, nematodes, pool, SEQUENCE},
	isbn = {0022-3395},
	author = {Bert, W. and Messiaen, M. and Manhout, J. and Houthoofd, W. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@conference {159,
	title = {Nematode communities of small pools in an agricultural landscape},
	booktitle = {Journal of NematologyJournal of Nematology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Meeting Abstract English Cited References Count: 0 086KM SOC NEMATOLOGISTS},
	pages = {262-262},
	keywords = {NEMATODE, pool},
	isbn = {0022-300X},
	author = {Bert, W. and Messiaen, M. and Hendrickx, F. and Manhout, J. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {160,
	title = {The comparative cellular architecture of the female gonoduct among Tylenchoidea (Nematoda : Tylenchina)},
	journal = {Journal of NematologyJournal of Nematology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {3},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Unit, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 30 115AX SOC NEMATOLOGISTS},
	pages = {362-375},
	abstract = {The cellular architecture of the female gonoduct of 68 nematode populations representing 42 species belonging to Tylenchidae, Belonolaimidae, Hoplolaimidae and Meloinema is shown to have an overall similarity in cellular gonoduct structure. The oviduct consists of two rows of four cells; the spermatheca is comprised of 10 to 20 cells, and the uterus cells, except in the case of Psilenchus, are arranged in four (Tylenchidae) or three (Belonolaimidae, Hoplolaimidae and Meloinema) regular rows. Although the genus Meloinema is classified within Meloidogynidae, its spermatheca is clearly hoplolaimid-like and lacks the spherical shape with lobe-like protruding cells typical of Meloidogyne. Detailed morphology of expelled gonoducts may provide a valuable character set in phylogenctic analysis, and the cellular morphology of the spermatheca appears to be a distinguishing feature at species level, especially in the genera Tylenchus and Geocenamus. Ultrastructural data on the oviduct-spermatheca region of Meloidogvne incognita complement light-microscopic (LM) results. The combination of LM of expelled organs and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on selected sections is put for-ward as a powerful tool to combine three-dimensional knowledge with ultrastructural detail},
	keywords = {analysis, Belonolaimidae, CELLS, electron microscopy, ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY, Evolution, GENITAL SYSTEM, GENUS, gonoduct, Hoplolaimidae, MELOIDOGYNE, Meloinema, microscopy, morphology, Nematoda, NEMATODE, ORDER TYLENCHIDA, POPULATIONS, REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM, SPERMATHECA, taxonomy, TEM, Tylenchidae, ultrastructure},
	isbn = {0022-300X},
	author = {Bert, W. and Claeys, M. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {139,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda : Rhabditida)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 82 339CQ ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {728-744},
	abstract = {Tylenchina are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of nematode species that range from free-living bacteriovores, over transitory grazing root-hair feeders to highly specialized plant-parasites with complex host associations. We performed phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rDNA sequences from 97 species including an analysis that account for the RNA secondary structure in the models of evolution. The present study confirms the sister relationship of the bacteriovore Cephalobiclae with the predominantly plant-parasitic Tylenchomorpha. All analyses appoint the fungal-feeding Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae as being polyphyletic but the morphology based hypothesis of their monophyly could not be significantly rejected. Within the Tylenchomorpha, the families that exclusively parasitize higher plants are joined in a single clade. However, only the monophyletic position of the (super)families Hoplolaimidae and Criconematoidea were supported; Anguinidae, Tylenchidae, Belonolaimidae and Pratylenchidae appeared to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstruction revealed that burrowing endoparasitism and sedentary encloparasitism each evolved, respectively, at least six and at least three times independently, mostly from migratory ectoparasitic ancestors. Only root-knot nematodes have evolved from burrowing endoparasitic nematodes. Traditional classifications are partially misled by this convergent evolution of feeding type and associated morphology. Contrastingly, mapping attributes of the gonoduct cellular architecture, including newly obtained data of 18 species belonging to the Aphelenchoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinidae and Panagrolaimidae, revealed a broad congruence of the gonoduct characters and the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Yet, the presence of an offset spermatheca and proliferation of uterus cells has evolved multiple times, the latter associated with derived endoparasitic feeding specialization and resulting reproduction mode. Ancestral state reconstruction further revealed that the gonoduct of the morphologically and ecologically dissimilar tylenchid and cephalobid nematodes evolved from a common ancestor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {analysis, ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES, ancestral state reconstruction, Bayesian inference, Belgium, Belonolaimidae, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CEPHALOBINA NEMATODA, CLASSIFICATION, D2-D3 EXPANSION SEGMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, doublet model, EMBRYONIC CELL LINEAGES, Evolution, FAMILY, feeding type, gonad, gonoduct, Hoplolaimidae, long branch attraction, MODEL, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, morphology, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, plant-parasitic nematodes, RHABDITIDA, ribosomal DNA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, secondary structure model, SEQUENCE, SEQUENCES, SPERMATHECA, TYLENCHIDA, Tylenchidae, TYLENCHOIDEA NEMATODA},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Bert, W. and Leliaert, F. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {141,
	title = {An improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 2 Review English Meldal, B. H. M Univ Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Res Ctr, Dept Oncol, Addenbrookes Hosp, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, England Cited References Count: 102 157KB ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {622-636},
	abstract = {Phylogenetic reconstructions of relations within the phylum Nematoda are inherently difficult but have been advanced with the introduction of large-scale molecular-based techniques. However, the most recent revisions were heavily biased towards terrestrial and parasitic species and greater representation of clades containing marine species (e.g. Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida) is needed for accurate coverage of known taxonomic diversity. We now add small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for 100 previously un-sequenced species of nematodes, including 46 marine taxa. SSU rDNA sequences for > 200 taxa have been analysed based on Bayesian inference and LogDet-transformed distances. The resulting phylogenies provide support for (i) the re-classification of the Secernentea as the order Rhabditida that derived from a common ancestor of chromadorean orders Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, and Monhysterida and (ii) the position of Bunonema close to the Diplogasteroidea in the Rhabditina. Other, previously controversial relationships can now be resolved more clearly: (a) Alaimus, Campydora, and Trischistoma belong in the Enoplida, (b) Isolaimium is placed basally to a big clade containing the Axonolaimidae, Plectidae, and Rhabditida, (c) Xyzzors belongs in the Desmodoridae, (d) Comesomatidae and Cyartonema belongs in the Monhysterida, (e) Globodera belongs in the Hoplolaimidae and (0 Paratylenchus dianeae belongs in the Criconematoidea. However, the SSU gene did not provide significant support for the class Chromadoria or clear evidence for the relationship between the three classes, Enoplia, Dorylaimia, and Chromadoria. Furthermore, across the whole phylum, the phylogenetically informative characters of the SSU gene are not informative in a parsimony analysis, highlighting the short-comings of the parsimony method for large-scale phylogenetic modelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Adenophorea, analysis, Bayesian inference, BAYESIAN-INFERENCE, Chromadorea, CLASSIFICATION, DNA, DORYLAIMIDA, Enoplea, Evolution, FOSSIL EVIDENCE, Globodera, Hoplolaimidae, LogDet transformation, marine nematodes, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA, N-SP, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, phylogenetic reconstruction, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, PHYLUM NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE, Secernentea, SEQUENCES, SSU rDNA, systematics, taxonomy},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Meldal, B. H. M. and Debenham, N. J. and De Ley, P. and De Ley, I. T. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Bert, W. and Borgonie, G. and Moens, T. and Tyler, P. A. and Austen, M. C. and Blaxter, M. L. and Rogers, A. D. and Lambshead, P. J. D.}
}
@article {142,
	title = {Species of the Heterodera avenae group (Nematoda : Heteroderidae) from Iran},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {1},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Maafi, Z. T Care Of BBA, Inst Nematol \& Vertebrate Res, Toppheideweg 88, D-48161 Munster, Germany Cited References Count: 18 194JX MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLAND DUNDEE},
	pages = {49-58},
	abstract = {Five species of cyst-forming nematodes belonging to the Heterodera avenae group were identified from cereal fields and grasslands in Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of H. avenae, H. filipjevi and a still unidentified species from the H. avenae complex and of H. latipons and H. hordecalis from the H. latipons complex are presented and their relationship with similar species is discussed. Heterodera filipjevi and H. latipons are the dominant species in cereal fields; H. avenae was found in wheat fields in only one region in the west of the country. Heterodera hordecalis was recovered from a few wheat fields and around grasses in western Iran, and Heterodera sp. from grasslands at several sites in northern and western regions of the country},
	keywords = {CHARACTERS, cyst nematodes, CYST-FORMING NEMATODES, HETERODERA, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera filipjevi, Heterodera hordecalis, Heterodera latipons, HETERODERIDAE, IDENTIFICATION, Iran, morphology, N-SP, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Maafi, Z. T. and Sturhan, D. and Kheiri, A. and Geraert, E.}
}
@article {132,
	title = {Assessment of the configuration of the posterior cells of the nematode embryo as potential phylogenetic marker},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Vangestel, S Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 55 383BP MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLAND DUNDEE},
	pages = {107-120},
	abstract = {We have reconstructed the evolutionary history of an early developmental character by mapping the configuration of the posterior cells in the early embryo onto the SSU-based molecular phylogeny of Holterman (2006). We have analyzed the early embryonic development of 19 species, complemented with 20 species from the literature, covering representatives in each clade. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans configuration, found in most species in clade III-X, is the ancestral state for these clades. alternative configurations arose inependently in clade IX, (Diploscapter coronatus), X (Halicephalobus gingivalis), XI (all investigated species) and XII (Meloidogyne incognita). A variable configuration of the posterior cells arose at least twice independently during nematode evolution, once in clade IX (D. coronatus) and once in an ancestor, shared by clade XI and XII and thus can be used as a phylogenetic marker to delineate these clades. Statistical tests based on our data-set show that the presence of a variable configuration is related to developmental tempo and egg shape},
	keywords = {Belgium, C-ELEGANS EMBRYOS, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CLEAVAGE, EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS, embryology, ENOPLIDA, Evolution, GUT, LINEAGE, MELOIDOGYNE, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, Nematoda, NEMATODE, phylogenetic marker, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, spatial configuration, SPECIFICATION},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Vangestel, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Bert, W. and Vanholme, B. and Calderon-Urrea, A. and Willems, M. and Artois, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {133,
	title = {The early embryonic development of the satellite organism Pristionchus pacificus: differences and similarities with Caenorhabditis elegans},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Borgonie, G Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 47 293NC BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS LEIDEN Part 3},
	pages = {301-312},
	abstract = {As a comparative counterpart for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the nematode Pristionchus pacificus was established as a satellite organism to study developmental processes. However, these studies mainly focused on post-embryonic development and little is known about the early embryonic development. Using 4D microscopy we reconstructed the early embryonic cell lineage of 12 individuals of P. pacificus. By analysing several parameters of early development, including the division sequence, the spatial arrangement of blastomeres, the cell cycle patterns of the AB lineage and cell-cell contacts in different cell stages of the embryo, it was shown that the early embryonic development is nearly identical to C. elegans. Known cell-cell contacts necessary for induction of blastomere fates in C. elegans are also present in P pacificus. Thus, the spatio-temporal conditions that would allow possible homologous inductions are present. However, at least one model for blastomere specification seems not to apply to P pacificus since the third division in the AB lineage differs from that of C elegans. Furthermore, naturally occurring variability of early development was demonstrated, which is clearly permitted since there seems to be no influence on further development into an adult worm},
	keywords = {4D microscopy, Belgium, C-ELEGANS, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, cell lineage, CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS, development, EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS, EMBRYOGENESIS, Evolution, FATE, INDUCTION, LINEAGE, microscopy, MODEL, NEMATODE, neodiplogastridae, PATTERN-FORMATION, PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS, SEQUENCE, SPECIFICATION, VULVA DEVELOPMENT},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Vangestel, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Bert, W. and Borgonie, G.}
}
