@article {139,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda : Rhabditida)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 82 339CQ ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {728-744},
	abstract = {Tylenchina are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of nematode species that range from free-living bacteriovores, over transitory grazing root-hair feeders to highly specialized plant-parasites with complex host associations. We performed phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rDNA sequences from 97 species including an analysis that account for the RNA secondary structure in the models of evolution. The present study confirms the sister relationship of the bacteriovore Cephalobiclae with the predominantly plant-parasitic Tylenchomorpha. All analyses appoint the fungal-feeding Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae as being polyphyletic but the morphology based hypothesis of their monophyly could not be significantly rejected. Within the Tylenchomorpha, the families that exclusively parasitize higher plants are joined in a single clade. However, only the monophyletic position of the (super)families Hoplolaimidae and Criconematoidea were supported; Anguinidae, Tylenchidae, Belonolaimidae and Pratylenchidae appeared to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstruction revealed that burrowing endoparasitism and sedentary encloparasitism each evolved, respectively, at least six and at least three times independently, mostly from migratory ectoparasitic ancestors. Only root-knot nematodes have evolved from burrowing endoparasitic nematodes. Traditional classifications are partially misled by this convergent evolution of feeding type and associated morphology. Contrastingly, mapping attributes of the gonoduct cellular architecture, including newly obtained data of 18 species belonging to the Aphelenchoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinidae and Panagrolaimidae, revealed a broad congruence of the gonoduct characters and the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Yet, the presence of an offset spermatheca and proliferation of uterus cells has evolved multiple times, the latter associated with derived endoparasitic feeding specialization and resulting reproduction mode. Ancestral state reconstruction further revealed that the gonoduct of the morphologically and ecologically dissimilar tylenchid and cephalobid nematodes evolved from a common ancestor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {analysis, ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES, ancestral state reconstruction, Bayesian inference, Belgium, Belonolaimidae, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CEPHALOBINA NEMATODA, CLASSIFICATION, D2-D3 EXPANSION SEGMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, doublet model, EMBRYONIC CELL LINEAGES, Evolution, FAMILY, feeding type, gonad, gonoduct, Hoplolaimidae, long branch attraction, MODEL, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, morphology, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, plant-parasitic nematodes, RHABDITIDA, ribosomal DNA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, secondary structure model, SEQUENCE, SEQUENCES, SPERMATHECA, TYLENCHIDA, Tylenchidae, TYLENCHOIDEA NEMATODA},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Bert, W. and Leliaert, F. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {22,
	title = {A new stem nematode associated with peanut pod rot in China: morphological and molecular characterization of Ditylenchus arachis n. sp (Nematoda: Anguinidae)},
	journal = {Plant PathologyPlant PathologyPlant Pathology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: AQ4YSTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 35Zhang, S. L. Liu, G. K. Janssen, T. Zhang, S. S. Xiao, S. Li, S. T. Couvreur, M. Bert, W.National Natural Science Foundation of China [NFSC 31201495]; UGent Special Research Fund [01NO2312]The authors thank A. Haegeman from ILVO (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research) for providing the ITS sequence of D. africanus which was produced in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University and D. Vlaeminck from the Department of Biology, Ghent University for histopathology technical assistance. The anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their detailed and helpful comments to the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC 31201495) and a UGent Special Research Fund (01NO2312).WILEY-BLACKWELLHOBOKENPLANT PATHOL},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1193-1206},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Surveys conducted in peanut production areas of China revealed peanut pod rot in several fields in Shandong and Hebei Provinces, China. A large quantity of an unknown stem nematode was isolated from the hulls and seeds of peanuts, herein described as Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. The new species is characterized by a combination of the following features: lateral lip sectors distinctly projected, stylet delicate, 84-10m in length, six lines in the lateral field, tail elongate-conoid, bursa covering about 68-86\% of tail length. Pathogenicity tests showed that D.arachis n. sp. could infect peanut (Arachis hypogaea), but not sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) or potato (Solanum tuberosum). Morphologically, D.arachis n. sp. appears closest to D.africanus, D.myceliophagus and D.destructor, but can be differentiated based upon a combination of morphological characteristics, host preference and molecular sequence data. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, based on 18S rDNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rDNA, and the ITS1-58S-ITS2 region, confirmed its status as a new species. A sister relationship with D.destructor was appointed, rather than with its ecologically very similar congener D.africanus.},
	keywords = {1945 TYLENCHIDA ANGUINIDAE, AFRICANUS, DESTRUCTOR THORNE, DIAGNOSTICS, GENE, groundnut, histopathology, INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER, MIXED MODELS, molecular, morphology, pathogenicity, ribosomal DNA sequencing, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, SEQUENCES, SOIL, SURVIVAL},
	isbn = {0032-0862},
	author = {Zhang, S. L. and Liu, G. K. and Janssen, T. and Zhang, S. S. and Xiao, S. and Li, S. T. and Couvreur, M. and Bert, W.}
}
