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Woeltjes, Antonius Bosman, Wilbert Chiers, Koen Bossuyt, Franky Pasmans, FrankDehousse grant; Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp; European Research Council [204509]; Biodiversa project Risk Assessment of ChytridiomycosisThe technical assistance of M. Claeys, M. Couvreur, and C. Adriaensen is appreciated. We thank Dr. J. Z. Euzeby for his kindness in helping with the Latin for the species name. We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments, which improved the manuscript. I. Van Bocxlaer assisted with phylogenetic analyses. M. B. was supported by a Dehousse grant provided by the Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp. F. B. was supported by European Research Council Starting Grant 204509 [project Tracing Antimicrobial Peptides and Pheromones in the Amphibian Skin (TAPAS)]. M.C.F. was supported by the Biodiversa project Risk Assessment of Chytridiomycosis to European amphibian Biodiversity (RACE).Natl acad sciencesWashington}, month = {Sep}, pages = {15325-15329}, type = {Article}, abstract = {The current biodiversity crisis encompasses a sixth mass extinction event affecting the entire class of amphibians. The infectious disease chytridiomycosis is considered one of the major drivers of global amphibian population decline and extinction and is thought to be caused by a single species of aquatic fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. However, several amphibian population declines remain unexplained, among them a steep decrease in fire salamander populations (Salamandra salamandra) that has brought this species to the edge of local extinction. Here we isolated and characterized a unique chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans sp. nov., from this salamander population. This chytrid causes erosive skin disease and rapid mortality in experimentally infected fire salamanders and was present in skin lesions of salamanders found dead during the decline event. Together with the closely related B. dendrobatidis, this taxon forms a well-supported chytridiomycete clade, adapted to vertebrate hosts and highly pathogenic to amphibians. However, the lower thermal growth preference of B. salamandrivorans, compared with B. dendrobatidis, and resistance of midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) to experimental infection with B. salamandrivorans suggest differential niche occupation of the two chytrid fungi.}, keywords = {amphibian decline, assay, declines, dendrobatidis, disease, ecosystem health, emerging infectious disease, history}, isbn = {0027-8424}, author = {Martel, A. and Spitzen-van der Sluijs, A. and Blooi, M. and Bert, W. and Ducatelle, R. and Fisher, M. C. and Woeltjes, A. and Bosman, W. and Chiers, K. and Bossuyt, F. and Pasmans, F.} }