@article {108,
	title = {Embryonic origins of hull cells in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano through cell lineage analysis: developmental and phylogenetic implications},
	journal = {Development Genes and EvolutionDevelopment Genes and Evolution},
	volume = {219},
	number = {8},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Willems, Maxime Egger, Bernhard Wolff, Carsten Mouton, Stijn Houthoofd, Wouter Fonderie, Pamela Couvreur, Marjolein Artois, Tom Borgonie, Gaetan},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {409-417},
	abstract = {The development of macrostomid flatworms is of interest for evolutionary developmental biology research because these taxa combine characteristics of the canonical spiral cleavage pattern with significant deviations from this pattern. One such deviation is the formation of hull cells, which surround the remaining embryonic primordium during early development. Using live observations with a 4D microscope system, histology, and 3D reconstructions, we analyzed the ontogeny of these hull cells in the macrostomid model organism Macrostomum lignano. Our cell lineage analysis allowed us to find the precursors of the hull cells in this species. We discuss the relation between macrostomid development and the development of other spiralians and the question of whether hull cells are homologous within rhabditophoran flatworms.},
	isbn = {0949-944X},
	author = {Willems, M. and Egger, B. and Wolff, C. and Mouton, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Fonderie, P. and Couvreur, M. and Artois, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {67,
	title = {Anthelmintic tolerance in free-living and facultative parasitic isolates of Halicephalobus (Panagrolaimidae)},
	journal = {ParasitologyParasitology},
	volume = {139},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Fonderie, P. Bert, W. Hendrickx, F. Houthoofd, W. Moens, T.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1301-1308},
	abstract = {Studies on anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites do not include facultative parasites. Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living bacterivorous nematode and a known facultative parasite of horses with a strong indication of some form of tolerance to common anthelmintic drugs. This research presents the results of an in vitro study on the anthelmintic tolerance of several isolates of Halicephalobus to thiabendazole and ivermectin using an adaptation of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test hereby focusing on egg hatching and larval development. Panagrellus redivivus and Panagrolaimus superbus were included as a positive control. The results generally show that the anthelmintic tolerance of Halicephalobus to both thiabendazole and ivermectin was considerably higher than that of the closely related Panagrolaimidae and, compared to other studies, than that of obligatory equine parasites. Our results further reveal a remarkable trend of increasing tolerance from fully free-living isolates towards horse-associated isolates. In vitro anthelmintic testing with free-living and facultative parasitic nematodes offers the advantage of observing drug effect on the complete life cycle as opposed to obligatory parasites that can only be followed until the third larval stage. We therefore propose Halicephalobus gingivalis as an experimental tool to deepen our understanding of the biology of anthelmintic tolerance.},
	isbn = {0031-1820},
	author = {Fonderie, P. and Bert, W. and Hendrickx, F. and Houthoofd, W. and Moens, T.}
}
