@article {269,
	title = {TRICHODORUS SPECIES FROM CHINA, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF T-PARACEDARUS N-SP (NEMATA, TRICHODORIDAE)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {5},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Xu, jh decraemer, w},
	pages = {455-464},
	abstract = {Three Trichodorus species, T. paracedarus n. sp., T. cedarus Yokoo, 1964 and T. pakistanensis Siddiqi, 1962, are reported from eastern China T. paracedarus n. sp. is characterized by the presence of three ventromedian cervical papillae, almost straight or slightly ventrally curved spicules with a finely striated shaft of about equal width, the location of the posterior precloacal supplement (SP1) opposite the distal third of retracted retracted spicules, strongly reduced pore-like SP2 and SP3, straight posterior body end with little developed copulatory muscles, the presence of a distinct bursa and the thickened terminal tail cuticle with a ventral indentation in the male; and by the usually triangular sclerotized vaginal pieces and the presence of a pair of lateral postadvulvar body pores in female. Morphometric data are given of some populations of T. cedarus and T. pakistanensis, which represent new records for China. Differences with the type populations and other formerly described populations of T. cedarus and T. pakistanensis are discussed.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Xu, J. H. and Decraemer, W.}
}
@article {270,
	title = {LEPTEPSILONEMA SANTII SP-N FROM SPAIN AND DATA ON THE VARIABILITY OF L-FILIFORME (NEMATA, EPSILONEMATIDAE)},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {310},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Gourbault, n decraemer, w},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {79-86},
	abstract = {The genus Leptepsilonema is recorded for the first time from the Mediterranean: L. santii sp.n. is characterised by a slender body with a large number of annules (122-128). Cuticular ornamentation with clear ridges and a lateral field of small thorns on both sides of the anteriormost annules are also typical as well as the number and arrangement of copulatory thorns (2-3 pairs, 2 fields), the shape and length (49-58 mu m) of spicules in males. L. filiforme is recorded from New Caledonia; specimens largely resemble the original types but are larger. The variability of some morphological structures is discussed.},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Gourbault, N. and Decraemer, W.}
}
@article {271,
	title = {ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE STOMA IN CEPHALOBIDAE, PANAGROLAIMIDAE AND RHABDITIDAE, WITH A PROPOSAL FOR A REVISED STOMA TERMINOLOGY IN RHABDITIDA (NEMATODA)},
	journal = {NematologicaNematologica},
	volume = {41},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Deley, p vandevelde, mc mounport, d baujard, p coomans, a},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {153-182},
	abstract = {Available information on the terminology and ultrastructure of the stoma in Rhabditida is reviewed, with new data on the cephalobids Seleborca complexa, Triligulla aluta and Zeldia punctata, as well as the panagrolaimid Panagrolaimus sulerbus. It is shown that the stoma of most examined species can be divided into six regions rather than five, on the basis of the cuticular differentiations and especially the surrounding structures and tissues. Probable stomatal homologies between different families are used as a basis for a revised buccal terminology, in which the following three main regions are distinguished: 1) cheilostom, surrounded by labial cuticle; 2) gymnostom, surrounded by arcade epidermis; 3) stegostom, surrounded by cells that lie enclosed within the peripharyngeal basal lamina layer. The stegostom can be divided further into (usually) four more regions, respectively called pro-, meso-, meta- and telostegostom, defined by the presence of three interradial or six adradial cell. Continued use of the term {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}rhabdion{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} as well as the traditional Five-part buccal terminology is strongly discouraged, because they prove to be based on incorrect and incompatible anatomical assumptions.},
	isbn = {0028-2596},
	author = {DeLey, P. and VandeVelde, M. C. and Mounport, D. and Baujard, P. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {272,
	title = {ON SOME PREDATORY NEMATODES FROM THE OKAVANGO DELTA, BOTSWANA},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {302},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Coomans, a rashid, f heyns, j},
	month = {Apr},
	pages = {119-131},
	abstract = {Five species of Mononchida and Mononchulus nodicaudatus (v. Daday, 1899) Cobb, 1918 are reported from freshwater sediments at or near Boba Island, Okavango Swamps, Botswana. Illustrations are given for Mylonchulus lacustris (Cobb N.A. in Cobb M.V., 1915) Andrassy, 1958, Iontonchus risoceiae (Carvalho, 1955) Andrassy, 1958 and Cobbonchus spec. Two species of Mononchus Bastian, 1865, M. aquaticus Coetzee, 1968 and M. truncatus Bastian, 1865 were also found. The usually rare species M. nodicaudatus was well represented and its juvenile stages are described for the first time.},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Coomans, A. and Rashid, F. and Heyns, J.}
}
@article {273,
	title = {PARAXIPHIDORUS-MICHELLUCI N-G, N-SP FROM ARGENTINA (NEMATODA, LONGIDORIDAE)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Coomans, a chaves, e},
	pages = {303-306},
	abstract = {Paraxiphidorus michelluci n.g. n.sp. is described based an three specimens from uncultivated soil in Argentina. The new genus is characterized by an expanded, offset lip region; stirrup-shaped amphids with wide aperture; odontostyle with forked base, odontophore weakly flanged; guiding ring far posterior; ventromedian supplements outside range of spicules and convex-conoid tail. It resembles Xiphidorus Monteiro, 1976 and Paralongidorus Siddiqi, Hooper and Khan, 1963 but differs from the former in amphid structure and from the latter in styler structure, position of guiding ring and in number and position of the supplements in the male.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Coomans, A. and Chaves, E.}
}
@article {274,
	title = {GERMINATION OF BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS SPORES IN BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)},
	journal = {Journal of Invertebrate PathologyJournal of Invertebrate Pathology},
	volume = {65},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Borgonie, g vandriessche, r leyns, f arnaut, g dewaele, d coomans, a},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {61-67},
	abstract = {During screening of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates for nematicidal activity it was observed that spores of B. thuringiensis germinated in the intestine of bacteriophagous nematodes in the presence of antibiotics. This phenomenon was studied more closely by scanning electron microscopy. The nematodes were fed with bacterial spore-crystal mixtures in axenic culture medium supplemented with tetracyclin and chloramphenicol. Germination of spores was rare but was more frequently observed in Panagrellus redivivus than in other nematode species investigated. Germination of spores in the nematode intestine resulted in the colonization of the entire nematode within 24 hr. Crude nematode tissue preparations supported germination and subsequent growth of B. thuringiensis spores and vegetative cells. The mechanism for the loss of antibiotic activity in the nematode intestine is unknown. Since B. thuringiensis requires a nutrient-rich environment for reproduction, e.g., a cadaver, bacteriophagous nematodes may serve as suitable hosts for B. thuringiensis. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.},
	isbn = {0022-2011},
	author = {Borgonie, G. and Vandriessche, R. and Leyns, F. and Arnaut, G. and DeWaele, D. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {275,
	title = {SCANNING ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY OF THE OUTER AND INNER SURFACE OF THE BUCCAL CAVITY OF SOME MONONCHIDA},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Borgonie, g diressche, r coomans, a},
	pages = {1-10},
	abstract = {The buccal cavity of six Mononchida was studied using a combination of dissection and extraction to view the inner and outer structures of the buccal cavity with respect to the surrounding tissue. The extraction of the buccal cavities was done by using a solution consisting of beta-mercapto-ethanol and sodium dodecyl sulphate. As these chemicals denature proteins, they allowed elimination of all surrounding tissue of the buccal cavity, making possible detailed study of its surface using Scanning Electron Microscopy. This solution offers the advantage, over the use of the hypochlorite solution, that prolonged incubation does not lead to a loss of fine detail. The extraction of the buccal cavity showed that the outer surface does contain considerable fine detail and some more massive structures previously unreported. The buccal cavity can be divided into two areas: an anterior area with parallel sides and oblique basal area. This subdivision is arbitrary but it distinguishes between the more or less straight dorsal and two ventrosublateral vertical buccal plates that may carry teeth and the bottom of the buccal cavity, formed by three oblique basal plates, curved towards the centre. The presence of completely detached stoma plates (one dorsal and two ventrosublateral plates) and completely detached basal plates from stoma plates in Anatonchus tridentatus distinguishes it from the other Mononchids studied. A possible functional explanation is discussed.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Borgonie, G. and Diressche, R. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {276,
	title = {PRESENCE OF PERITROPHIC-LIKE MEMBRANES IN THE INTESTINE OF 3 BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Borgonie, g claeys, m vanfleteren, j dewaele, d coomans, a},
	pages = {227-233},
	abstract = {Ultrastructural analysis shows the presence of membranes originating at the top of the intestinal microvilli, along the entire length of the intestine in the three rhabditid nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus. The membranes allow the passage of fluorescein isothiocyanate, methyl red, neutral red and acridine orange, but allow only sparse passage of ferritin molecules. Upon the introduction of a sublethal dose of sodium azide, the intestinal lumen displays an increased secretion of membrane layers. Whole mount staining of the nematodes with the Solanum tuberosum and Triticum vulgare lectins, known to bind with high affinity to chitin, shows only specific binding of Solanum tuberosum lectin to the brush border in all developmental stages of C. elegans, P. superbus and A. maximus. The results reveal the presence of membranes in the intestine of three species of one of the most ancient metazoan phyla, exhibiting morphological and functional characteristics reminiscent of peritrophic membranes in insects.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Borgonie, G. and Claeys, M. and Vanfleteren, J. and DeWaele, D. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {277,
	title = {IN-VIVO AND IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTESTINE OF 15 BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Borgonie, g claeys, m dewaele, d coomans, a},
	pages = {115-122},
	abstract = {The intestine of the fifteen free-living Rhabditida belonging to three different families was studied using three different approaches : i) using three different axenic media, cultivation of all fifteen nematode species was attempted; ii) in vivo analyses were performed by using two vital stains and one fluorescent dye and by comparing staining patterns; iii) in vitro analyses was done using the intestinal markers acid phosphatase, esterase and the lectin of Ricinus communis II. Although the nematodes can be cultured monoxenically on the same bacterium, Escherichia coli, attempts to culture the fifteen nematode species on the same axenic medium failed. Distinct differences are observed between different areas along the intestinal tract by in vivo study using stains. Similar observations were made in vitro using the intestinal marker acid phosphatase and the binding pattern of Ricinus communis II. This was less evident using esterase as a marker, since considerable non-intestinal tissue staining was evident. The data obtained indicate considerable biochemical differences in the intestinal cells between the nematode species, even if the nematode species belong to the same family.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Borgonie, G. and Claeys, M. and DeWaele, D. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {278,
	title = {ULTRASTRUCTURE OF THE INTESTINE OF THE BACTERIOPHAGOUS NEMATODES CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS, PANAGROLAIMUS SUPERBUS AND ACROBELOIDES MAXIMUS (NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA)},
	journal = {Fundamental and Applied NematologyFundamental and Applied Nematology},
	volume = {18},
	number = {2},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Borgonie, g claeys, m dewaele, d coomans, a},
	pages = {123-133},
	abstract = {The intestine of the three free-living rhabditid nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans, Panagrolaimus superbus and Acrobeloides maximus was studied using transmission electron microscopy of sections made at three locations along the intestine. Between the three nematode species, ultrastructural differences in cellular components are minor. However, two cell types present in all three nematode species are positioned differently along the intestinal tract. Furthermore, two different types of secretions into the intestinal lumen were identified, one only at the anterior intestine, the second present along the entire length of the intestinal lumen. F-actin staining of fifteen whole-mount nematodes revealed the presence of a well developed, cross-shaped intestinal muscle, only present in Cephalobid species.},
	isbn = {1164-5571},
	author = {Borgonie, G. and Claeys, M. and DeWaele, D. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {279,
	title = {FRESH-WATER NEMATODES OF THE GALAPAGOS},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {299},
	number = {1},
	year = {1995},
	note = {Abebe, e coomans, a},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {1-51},
	abstract = {Freshwater nematodes of the Galapagos archipelago were studied from four samples collected in 1988. Eighteen species, two of which are new to science, belonging to five orders, Enoplida, Dorylaimida, Mononchida, Monhysterida and Chromadorida, are described. Alaimus wittmeri n.sp. is characterised by having a smooth cuticle, a more posteriorly enlarged pharynx, a posteriorly situated amphidial fusus, obscure but anteriorly situated excretory pore, a mono-opisthodelphic ovary, and by the absence of sexual dimorphism in the lip region, the absence of pre-vulval uterine sac, the presence of males that have few (4-7) and weak ventromedian supplements and absence of mucro on tail tip. Monhystera floreanae n. sp. is distinguished by its females having a small body (L = 492-634 mu m) with a narrow lip region, narrow posteriorly located amphidial openings, a small value for the c{\textquoteright}-ratio (c{\textquoteright} = 6.0-7.5), weak vaginal sphincter, by the absence of post-vaginal gland cells, absence of males and absence of crystalloid bodies. The difficulty in the use of crystalloid bodies as diagnostic character in the genus Monhystera is discussed. Two forms, a big form and a small form, which are similar except in measurements are reported for Achromadora micoletzkyi. SEM photos of ruptured cuticle of A. micoletzkyi and A. semiarmata show unique intra-cuticular structures. Comparison of these structures in the two species is made. Papilliform instead of setiform outer labial sensilla are also observed in A. micoletzkyi. The presence of the male and fine crystalloid bodies in Achromadora semiarmata, dorsal body pore in Prismatolaimus dolichurus and Prismatolaimus kenyensis, forty longitudinal cuticular ridges around the mid-body of Stomachoglossa pachyderma, crystalloid bodies in Ironus dentifurcatus are reported here for the first time. SEM photos of twelve species: Monhystera floreanae n. sp., Monhystera somereni, Alaimus wittmeri n. sp., Monhystrella hastata, Paramphidelus dolichurus, Eutobrilus annetteae, Ironus dentifurcatus, Chronogaster cameroonensis, Rhabdolaimus terrestris, Stomachoglossa pachyderma, Achromadora micoletzkyi and Achromadora semiarmata, are also presented. The richest nematode fauna was found in El Junco (San Cristobal), the only permanent freshwater lake on the archipelago. The nine species recorded from the lake are probably only a fraction of the total nematode fauna. The very recent man made reservoir La Toma has a relatively high diversity, due to its vicinity to El Junco. It is argued that the freshwater nematodes from San Cristobal probably arrived there through passive transport by birds. The freshwater bodies encountered on Floreana are very different from those on San Cristobal and so is their nematode fauna. Part of the species found on these islands may have been transported by land birds, others may have invaded the freshwater from terrestrial habitats. Apart from the two new species, the other ones have a wide to very wide distribution (cosmopolitan, southern hemisphere,...), so that endemism of freshwater nematodes is very low, if it exists at all. This is due to easy dispersal capacities of nematodes on the one hand and the recent colonization (not more than 10 000, max. 40 000 years) on the other hand.},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Abebe, E. and Coomans, A.}
}
