@article {174,
	title = {Morphology of some cyst-forming nematodes from Iran},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {1},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Maafi, Z. T Plant Pests \& Dis Res Inst, POB 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran Cited References Count: 40 841SW MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLAND DUNDEE},
	pages = {59-77},
	abstract = {A survey conducted to identify cyst-forming nematodes in Iran revealed the presence of species belonging to the genera Heterodera and Cactodera. Heterodera elachista, H. fici, H. glycines, H. goettingiana, H. humuli, H. turcomanica and Cactodera cacti obtained from different plants and regions are described for the first time from Iran. Morphological features and morphometric characters with comparative details for these species as well as for H. mothi are presented and the relationship of some of the species with similar species is discussed},
	keywords = {Cactodera cacti, CHARACTERS, CYST-FORMING NEMATODES, GLYCINES, H.elachista, H.fici, H.glycines, H.goettingiana, H.humuli, H.mothi, H.turcomanica, HETERODERA, HETERODERIDAE, IDENTITY, Iran, KEY, morphology, N-SP NEMATODA, NEMATODE, nematodes, PLANTS, SEQUENCES, Survey},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Maafi, Z. T. and Sturhan, D. and Kheiri, A. and Geraert, E. and Subbotin, S. A.}
}
@article {139,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda : Rhabditida)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 82 339CQ ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {728-744},
	abstract = {Tylenchina are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of nematode species that range from free-living bacteriovores, over transitory grazing root-hair feeders to highly specialized plant-parasites with complex host associations. We performed phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rDNA sequences from 97 species including an analysis that account for the RNA secondary structure in the models of evolution. The present study confirms the sister relationship of the bacteriovore Cephalobiclae with the predominantly plant-parasitic Tylenchomorpha. All analyses appoint the fungal-feeding Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae as being polyphyletic but the morphology based hypothesis of their monophyly could not be significantly rejected. Within the Tylenchomorpha, the families that exclusively parasitize higher plants are joined in a single clade. However, only the monophyletic position of the (super)families Hoplolaimidae and Criconematoidea were supported; Anguinidae, Tylenchidae, Belonolaimidae and Pratylenchidae appeared to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstruction revealed that burrowing endoparasitism and sedentary encloparasitism each evolved, respectively, at least six and at least three times independently, mostly from migratory ectoparasitic ancestors. Only root-knot nematodes have evolved from burrowing endoparasitic nematodes. Traditional classifications are partially misled by this convergent evolution of feeding type and associated morphology. Contrastingly, mapping attributes of the gonoduct cellular architecture, including newly obtained data of 18 species belonging to the Aphelenchoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinidae and Panagrolaimidae, revealed a broad congruence of the gonoduct characters and the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Yet, the presence of an offset spermatheca and proliferation of uterus cells has evolved multiple times, the latter associated with derived endoparasitic feeding specialization and resulting reproduction mode. Ancestral state reconstruction further revealed that the gonoduct of the morphologically and ecologically dissimilar tylenchid and cephalobid nematodes evolved from a common ancestor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {analysis, ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES, ancestral state reconstruction, Bayesian inference, Belgium, Belonolaimidae, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CEPHALOBINA NEMATODA, CLASSIFICATION, D2-D3 EXPANSION SEGMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, doublet model, EMBRYONIC CELL LINEAGES, Evolution, FAMILY, feeding type, gonad, gonoduct, Hoplolaimidae, long branch attraction, MODEL, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, morphology, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, plant-parasitic nematodes, RHABDITIDA, ribosomal DNA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, secondary structure model, SEQUENCE, SEQUENCES, SPERMATHECA, TYLENCHIDA, Tylenchidae, TYLENCHOIDEA NEMATODA},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Bert, W. and Leliaert, F. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {141,
	title = {An improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {42},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 2 Review English Meldal, B. H. M Univ Cambridge, Hutchison MRC Res Ctr, Dept Oncol, Addenbrookes Hosp, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, England Cited References Count: 102 157KB ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {622-636},
	abstract = {Phylogenetic reconstructions of relations within the phylum Nematoda are inherently difficult but have been advanced with the introduction of large-scale molecular-based techniques. However, the most recent revisions were heavily biased towards terrestrial and parasitic species and greater representation of clades containing marine species (e.g. Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, Enoplida, and Monhysterida) is needed for accurate coverage of known taxonomic diversity. We now add small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequences for 100 previously un-sequenced species of nematodes, including 46 marine taxa. SSU rDNA sequences for > 200 taxa have been analysed based on Bayesian inference and LogDet-transformed distances. The resulting phylogenies provide support for (i) the re-classification of the Secernentea as the order Rhabditida that derived from a common ancestor of chromadorean orders Araeolaimida, Chromadorida, Desmodorida, Desmoscolecida, and Monhysterida and (ii) the position of Bunonema close to the Diplogasteroidea in the Rhabditina. Other, previously controversial relationships can now be resolved more clearly: (a) Alaimus, Campydora, and Trischistoma belong in the Enoplida, (b) Isolaimium is placed basally to a big clade containing the Axonolaimidae, Plectidae, and Rhabditida, (c) Xyzzors belongs in the Desmodoridae, (d) Comesomatidae and Cyartonema belongs in the Monhysterida, (e) Globodera belongs in the Hoplolaimidae and (0 Paratylenchus dianeae belongs in the Criconematoidea. However, the SSU gene did not provide significant support for the class Chromadoria or clear evidence for the relationship between the three classes, Enoplia, Dorylaimia, and Chromadoria. Furthermore, across the whole phylum, the phylogenetically informative characters of the SSU gene are not informative in a parsimony analysis, highlighting the short-comings of the parsimony method for large-scale phylogenetic modelling. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {Adenophorea, analysis, Bayesian inference, BAYESIAN-INFERENCE, Chromadorea, CLASSIFICATION, DNA, DORYLAIMIDA, Enoplea, Evolution, FOSSIL EVIDENCE, Globodera, Hoplolaimidae, LogDet transformation, marine nematodes, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA, N-SP, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, phylogenetic reconstruction, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, PHYLUM NEMATODA, RHABDITIDA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE, Secernentea, SEQUENCES, SSU rDNA, systematics, taxonomy},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Meldal, B. H. M. and Debenham, N. J. and De Ley, P. and De Ley, I. T. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Bert, W. and Borgonie, G. and Moens, T. and Tyler, P. A. and Austen, M. C. and Blaxter, M. L. and Rogers, A. D. and Lambshead, P. J. D.}
}
@article {22,
	title = {A new stem nematode associated with peanut pod rot in China: morphological and molecular characterization of Ditylenchus arachis n. sp (Nematoda: Anguinidae)},
	journal = {Plant PathologyPlant PathologyPlant Pathology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: AQ4YSTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 35Zhang, S. L. Liu, G. K. Janssen, T. Zhang, S. S. Xiao, S. Li, S. T. Couvreur, M. Bert, W.National Natural Science Foundation of China [NFSC 31201495]; UGent Special Research Fund [01NO2312]The authors thank A. Haegeman from ILVO (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research) for providing the ITS sequence of D. africanus which was produced in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University and D. Vlaeminck from the Department of Biology, Ghent University for histopathology technical assistance. The anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their detailed and helpful comments to the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC 31201495) and a UGent Special Research Fund (01NO2312).WILEY-BLACKWELLHOBOKENPLANT PATHOL},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1193-1206},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Surveys conducted in peanut production areas of China revealed peanut pod rot in several fields in Shandong and Hebei Provinces, China. A large quantity of an unknown stem nematode was isolated from the hulls and seeds of peanuts, herein described as Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. The new species is characterized by a combination of the following features: lateral lip sectors distinctly projected, stylet delicate, 84-10m in length, six lines in the lateral field, tail elongate-conoid, bursa covering about 68-86\% of tail length. Pathogenicity tests showed that D.arachis n. sp. could infect peanut (Arachis hypogaea), but not sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) or potato (Solanum tuberosum). Morphologically, D.arachis n. sp. appears closest to D.africanus, D.myceliophagus and D.destructor, but can be differentiated based upon a combination of morphological characteristics, host preference and molecular sequence data. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, based on 18S rDNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rDNA, and the ITS1-58S-ITS2 region, confirmed its status as a new species. A sister relationship with D.destructor was appointed, rather than with its ecologically very similar congener D.africanus.},
	keywords = {1945 TYLENCHIDA ANGUINIDAE, AFRICANUS, DESTRUCTOR THORNE, DIAGNOSTICS, GENE, groundnut, histopathology, INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER, MIXED MODELS, molecular, morphology, pathogenicity, ribosomal DNA sequencing, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, SEQUENCES, SOIL, SURVIVAL},
	isbn = {0032-0862},
	author = {Zhang, S. L. and Liu, G. K. and Janssen, T. and Zhang, S. S. and Xiao, S. and Li, S. T. and Couvreur, M. and Bert, W.}
}
