@article {720,
	title = {First Report of <i>Pratylenchus zeae</i> on Upland Rice from Kwale County, Kenya},
	journal = {Plant DiseasePlant Disease},
	volume = {DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-07-15-0743-PDN},
	year = {2016},
	author = {Pili, N. N. and Kyndt, T. and Janssen, T. and Couvreur, M. and Bert, W. and Mibey, R. K. and Gheysen, G.}
}
@article {410,
	title = {Deceptive morphological variation in Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) and a polytomous key to the genus},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	number = {17},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {377-400},
	author = {Khun, K. and Decraemer, W. and Couvreur, M. and Karssen, G. and Steel, H. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {173,
	title = {A new class of ubiquitin extension proteins secreted by the dorsal pharyngeal gland in plant parasitic cyst nematodes},
	journal = {Molecular Plant-Microbe InteractionsMolecular Plant-Microbe Interactions},
	volume = {17},
	number = {8},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Tytgat, T Vanholme, B De Meutter, J Claeys, M Couvreur, M Vanhoutte, I Gheysen, G Van Criekinge, W Borgonie, G Coomans, A Gheysen, G},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {846-852},
	abstract = {By performing cDNA AFLP on pre- and early parasitic juveniles, we identified genes encoding a novel type of ubiquitin extension proteins secreted by the dorsal pharyngeal gland in the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. The proteins consist of three domains, a signal peptide for secretion, a mono-ubiquitin domain, and a short C-terminal positively charged domain. A gfp-fusion of this protein is targeted to the nucleolus in tobacco BY-2 cells. We hypothesize that the C-terminal peptide might have a regulatory function during syncytium formation in plant roots.},
	isbn = {0894-0282},
	author = {Tytgat, T. and Vanholme, B. and De Meutter, J. and Claeys, M. and Couvreur, M. and Vanhoutte, I. and Gheysen, G. and Van Criekinge, W. and Borgonie, G. and Coomans, A.}
}
@article {178,
	title = {High-pressure freezing and freeze substitution of gravid Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda : Rhabditida) for transmission electron microscopy},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2004},
	note = {Claeys, M Vanhecke, D Couvreur, M Tytgat, T Coomans, A Borgonie, GPart 3},
	pages = {319-327},
	abstract = {Because chemical fixatives have a profound negative influence on tissue morphology and antigenicity, alternative fixation methods must be applied for some purposes. In this work we used high-pressure freezing (HPF) followed by freeze substitution to maximally preserve antigenicity and morphology. We developed a pipette method for bringing living Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes into the HPF recipient. Using cellulose tubes, it is possible to select individual nematodes for fixation. We were able to HPF complete adults and preserve the morphology in an enhanced fashion compared to chemically fixed tissue. Cellular organelles, especially mitochondria, were much better preserved. Uterine embryos protected by the intact eggshell were excellently preserved without the need for elaborate techniques. Antigenicity with MH27 and ICB4 antiscra was tested. With the MH27 serum, an adequate, reproducible, specific binding pattern with chemically fixed tissue could Only be achieved using purified antibodies, whereas with high-pressure freezing, unpurified MH27 antisera was effective. For ICB4 antisera, a reproducible specific binding pattern was achieved at a concentration of primary antiserum 1000x lower than that for chemically fixed tissue.},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Claeys, M. and Vanhecke, D. and Couvreur, M. and Tytgat, T. and Coomans, A. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {163,
	title = {Unusual intestinal lamellae in the nematode Rhabditophanes sp KR3021 (Nematoda : Alloinematidae)},
	journal = {Journal of MorphologyJournal of Morphology},
	volume = {264},
	number = {2},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Willems, M Houthoofd, W Claeys, M Couvreur, M Van Driessche, R Adriaens, D Jacobsen, K Borgonie, G},
	month = {May},
	pages = {223-232},
	abstract = {The free-living nematode Rhabditophanes sp. has recently been placed in a clade of animal parasites and may be a unique example of a reversal to a nonparasitic lifestyle. Detailed morphological analysis of the intestine reveals the unusual and unique structure of splitting microlamellae forming a meshwork with cavities along the entire intestinal tract. Secretion vesicles were observed along the whole tract and along the length of the lamellae. It is suggested that these lamellae are adaptations to a different digestive strategy where low food availability and a low absorption surface are compensated for by maximizing the nutrient uptake efficiency along the entire length of the intestine. The likely reversal to a free-living life cycle may have caused drastic changes in diet, providing the necessary driving forces to such morphological changes. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
	isbn = {0362-2525},
	author = {Willems, M. and Houthoofd, W. and Claeys, M. and Couvreur, M. and Van Driessche, R. and Adriaens, D. and Jacobsen, K. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {109,
	title = {Use of freeze-cracking in ontogenetic research in Macrostomum lignano (Macrostomida, Rhabditophora)},
	journal = {Development Genes and EvolutionDevelopment Genes and Evolution},
	volume = {219},
	number = {5},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Willems, Maxime Boone, Mieke Couvreur, Marjolein De Mulder, Katrien Van Ranst, Jelka Artois, Tom Borgonie, Gaetan},
	month = {May},
	pages = {273-279},
	abstract = {A method for studying whole mount flatworm embryos based on freeze-cracking of the eggs is described. This method allows successful immunohistological and immunocytological studies of whole mount embryos. It does not require the use of sharpened needles or a microinjection system to puncture the eggshell. Moreover, this method is more practical and less time-consuming than classical puncturing and much cheaper than the use of a microinjection system. The advantages of this method are illustrated by results of several immunolocalisation experiments in the macrostomid flatworm Macrostomum lignano. The optimal procedure and crucial steps for this method are discussed.},
	isbn = {0949-944X},
	author = {Willems, M. and Boone, M. and Couvreur, M. and De Mulder, K. and Van Ranst, J. and Artois, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {119,
	title = {A new preparation method to study fresh plant structures with X-ray computed tomography},
	journal = {Journal of Microscopy-OxfordJournal of Microscopy-Oxford},
	volume = {233},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Leroux, O. Leroux, F. Bellefroid, E. Claeys, M. Couvreur, M. Borgonie, G. Van Hoorebeke, L. Masschaele, B. Viane, R.},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {1-4},
	abstract = {Since the development of X-ray computed tomography as a medical diagnostic tool, it was adapted and extended for many scientific applications, including plant structure research. As for many biological studies, sample preparation is of major importance to obtain good-quality images. Therefore, we present a new preparation method for fresh material which includes critical point drying and heavy metal staining. This technique enhances the contrast of fresh tissues, prevents artefacts such as tissue compression, and requires no embedding.},
	isbn = {0022-2720},
	author = {Leroux, O. and Leroux, F. and Bellefroid, E. and Claeys, M. and Couvreur, M. and Borgonie, G. and Van Hoorebeke, L. and Masschaele, B. and Viane, R.}
}
@article {86,
	title = {Distribution of proliferating cells and vasa-positive cells in the embryo of Macrostomum lignano (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes)},
	journal = {Belgian Journal of ZoologyBelgian Journal of Zoology},
	volume = {140},
	year = {2010},
	note = {Willems, Maxime Couvreur, Marjolein Boone, Mieke Houthoofd, Wouter Artois, Tom11th International Symposium on Flatworm BiologyJul 26-31, 2009Diepenbeek, BELGIUMS},
	month = {Jul},
	pages = {149-153},
	abstract = {The neoblast stem cell system of flatworms is considered to be unique within the animal kingdom. How this stem cell system arises during embryonic development is intriguing. Therefore we performed bromodeoxyuridine labelling on late stage embryos of Macrostomum lignano to assess when the pattern of proliferating cells within the embryo is comparable to that of hatchlings. This pattern can be found in late embryonic stages ( stage 8). We also used the freeze cracking method to perform macvasa embryonic labelling. Macvasa is a somatic and germ line stem cell marker. We showed macvasa protein distribution during the whole embryonic development. In the macvasa-positive blastomeres the protein is localized around the nucleus in the putative chromatoid bodies. However, at a specific embryonic stage, it is also ubiquitously present in the cytoplasm of some blastomeres. We compare our data with what is known from Schmidtea polychroa of the expression of the vasa-like gene SpolvlgA and the protein distribution of the chromatoid body component Spoltud-1. The embryonic origin of the somatic stem cell system and the germ line is discussed.},
	isbn = {0777-6276},
	author = {Willems, M. and Couvreur, M. and Boone, M. and Houthoofd, W. and Artois, T.}
}
@article {108,
	title = {Embryonic origins of hull cells in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano through cell lineage analysis: developmental and phylogenetic implications},
	journal = {Development Genes and EvolutionDevelopment Genes and Evolution},
	volume = {219},
	number = {8},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Willems, Maxime Egger, Bernhard Wolff, Carsten Mouton, Stijn Houthoofd, Wouter Fonderie, Pamela Couvreur, Marjolein Artois, Tom Borgonie, Gaetan},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {409-417},
	abstract = {The development of macrostomid flatworms is of interest for evolutionary developmental biology research because these taxa combine characteristics of the canonical spiral cleavage pattern with significant deviations from this pattern. One such deviation is the formation of hull cells, which surround the remaining embryonic primordium during early development. Using live observations with a 4D microscope system, histology, and 3D reconstructions, we analyzed the ontogeny of these hull cells in the macrostomid model organism Macrostomum lignano. Our cell lineage analysis allowed us to find the precursors of the hull cells in this species. We discuss the relation between macrostomid development and the development of other spiralians and the question of whether hull cells are homologous within rhabditophoran flatworms.},
	isbn = {0949-944X},
	author = {Willems, M. and Egger, B. and Wolff, C. and Mouton, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Fonderie, P. and Couvreur, M. and Artois, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {43,
	title = {Survival and colonization of nematodes in a composting process},
	journal = {Invertebrate BiologyInvertebrate Biology},
	volume = {132},
	number = {2},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Steel, Hanne Verdoodt, Freija Cerevkova, Andrea Couvreur, Marjolein Fonderie, Pamela Moens, Tom Bert, Wim},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {108-119},
	abstract = {Nematodes are omnipresent in composts and are active in virtually all stages of the composting process. Major shifts in species composition, life strategies, and feeding behavior occur during the composting process. Due to the heat peak, nematodes can be virtually absent, but several taxa appear immediately when the temperatures drop. These comprise both taxa present before the heat peak and new taxa. However, it is not known how nematodes populate the compost. In this study, we aimed to assess the survival and colonization capacity of nematodes in compost. Our results showed that composting processes inaccessible to insects or not in contact with soil did not significantly influence nematode succession during composting. However, differences between treatments were found for some specific taxa (i.e., for Acrostichus sp., Neodiplogasteridae sp., Nygolaimoides sp., and Rhabditidae sp. 1), illustrating the importance of insects for the dispersal of nematodes to compost. Experiments in the lab with the blue bottle fly as a possible carrier demonstrated actual transport of nematodes isolated from compost by the fly (i.e., Halicephalobus cfr. gingivalis, Diploscapter coronatus, Diplogasteritus sp., Acrostichus sp., and Mesorhabditis sp.). Juveniles and dauer stages of Aphelenchoides sp., Panagrolaimus sp., and rhabditids survived an experimentally induced temperature peak, while members of Tylenchidae did not. In conclusion, our results indicate that the rapidly changing nematode community in compost is the result of both differential survival and colonization capacities.},
	isbn = {1077-8306},
	author = {Steel, H. and Verdoodt, F. and Cerevkova, A. and Couvreur, M. and Fonderie, P. and Moens, T. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {44,
	title = {Nematode and microbial communities in a rapidly changing compost environment: How nematode assemblages reflect composting phases},
	journal = {European Journal of Soil BiologyEuropean Journal of Soil Biology},
	volume = {56},
	year = {2013},
	note = {Steel, Hanne Buchan, David De Neve, Stefaan Couvreur, Marjolein Moens, Tom Bert, Wim},
	month = {May-Jun},
	pages = {1-10},
	abstract = {The microbial community (fungi and bacteria) is the main decomposer of organic matter during composting. Its composition is sometimes used as a proxy to assess compost maturity. Although nematodes are probably its most important grazers, only one previous study has highlighted clear shifts in nematode species composition during composting, and the assumption that nematodes reflect changes in the microbial community in compost has not yet been formally tested. Here, the microbial and nematode communities of a single composting process are analyzed together for the first time. Although both displayed broadly similar patterns, the abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes showed a distinct delay as compared to the increase in fungal PLFA. We argue that the nematode community may be a more promising tool to use in assessing compost maturity because it allows to discriminate between the three composting phases. First, during the thermophilic phase, bacterial-feeding nematodes dominate; during cooling, the bacterial-feeding/predators bloom; and during maturation, the abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes increases. Based solely on the microbial community, it was only possible to discriminate between the thermophilic phase and the rest of the process. Bacteria dominated during the thermophilic phase, while bacterial and fungal PLEA had more-or-less equal shares during cooling and maturation. (c) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {1164-5563},
	author = {Steel, H. and Buchan, D. and De Neve, S. and Couvreur, M. and Moens, T. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {58,
	title = {Proliferative response of the stem cell system during regeneration of the rostrum in <i>Macrostomum lignano</i> (Platyhelminthes)},
	journal = {Cell and Tissue ResearchCell and Tissue Research},
	volume = {347},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {397{\textendash}406},
	author = {Verdoodt, F. and Bert, W. and Couvreur, M. and Willems, M.}
}
@article {21,
	title = {Deceptive morphological variation in Hirschmanniella mucronata (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) and a polytomous key to the genus},
	journal = {Nematology, in pressNematology, in press},
	year = {2015},
	author = {Khun, K. and Decraemer. W. and Couvreur, M. and Karssen, G. and Steel, H. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {22,
	title = {A new stem nematode associated with peanut pod rot in China: morphological and molecular characterization of Ditylenchus arachis n. sp (Nematoda: Anguinidae)},
	journal = {Plant PathologyPlant PathologyPlant Pathology},
	volume = {63},
	number = {5},
	year = {2014},
	note = {ISI Document Delivery No.: AQ4YSTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 35Zhang, S. L. Liu, G. K. Janssen, T. Zhang, S. S. Xiao, S. Li, S. T. Couvreur, M. Bert, W.National Natural Science Foundation of China [NFSC 31201495]; UGent Special Research Fund [01NO2312]The authors thank A. Haegeman from ILVO (Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research) for providing the ITS sequence of D. africanus which was produced in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University and D. Vlaeminck from the Department of Biology, Ghent University for histopathology technical assistance. The anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their detailed and helpful comments to the manuscript. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NFSC 31201495) and a UGent Special Research Fund (01NO2312).WILEY-BLACKWELLHOBOKENPLANT PATHOL},
	month = {Oct},
	pages = {1193-1206},
	type = {Article},
	abstract = {Surveys conducted in peanut production areas of China revealed peanut pod rot in several fields in Shandong and Hebei Provinces, China. A large quantity of an unknown stem nematode was isolated from the hulls and seeds of peanuts, herein described as Ditylenchus arachis n. sp. The new species is characterized by a combination of the following features: lateral lip sectors distinctly projected, stylet delicate, 84-10m in length, six lines in the lateral field, tail elongate-conoid, bursa covering about 68-86\% of tail length. Pathogenicity tests showed that D.arachis n. sp. could infect peanut (Arachis hypogaea), but not sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) or potato (Solanum tuberosum). Morphologically, D.arachis n. sp. appears closest to D.africanus, D.myceliophagus and D.destructor, but can be differentiated based upon a combination of morphological characteristics, host preference and molecular sequence data. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, based on 18S rDNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of 28S rDNA, and the ITS1-58S-ITS2 region, confirmed its status as a new species. A sister relationship with D.destructor was appointed, rather than with its ecologically very similar congener D.africanus.},
	keywords = {1945 TYLENCHIDA ANGUINIDAE, AFRICANUS, DESTRUCTOR THORNE, DIAGNOSTICS, GENE, groundnut, histopathology, INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER, MIXED MODELS, molecular, morphology, pathogenicity, ribosomal DNA sequencing, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, SEQUENCES, SOIL, SURVIVAL},
	isbn = {0032-0862},
	author = {Zhang, S. L. and Liu, G. K. and Janssen, T. and Zhang, S. S. and Xiao, S. and Li, S. T. and Couvreur, M. and Bert, W.}
}
