@article {182,
	title = {Epsilonematidae (Nematoda) from a cold-water coral environment in the Porcupine Seabight, with a discussion on the status of the genus Metaglochinema Gourbault \& Decraemer, 1986},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {505},
	number = {1-3},
	year = {2003},
	note = {Raes, M Vanreusel, A Decraemer, W},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {49-72},
	abstract = {Thirteen species of nematodes from the family Epsilonematidae Steiner, 1927 were found to be associated with a cold-water coral reef in the Porcupine Seabight. Among them, four species were already known from various locations such as Chile and Papua New Guinea. Three new species are described here: Glochinema trispinatum sp. n. is recognized by three dorsal thorns in the pharyngeal region. This species was also recovered from the Antarctic shelf. Epsilonema multispiralum sp. n. is characterised by a multispiral amphid consisting of 3.25 coils. Bathyepsilonema lopheliae sp. n. is characterised by its body length, the position and relative width of the amphids and the nature of the cuticular ornamentation. Within the subfamily Glochinematinae Lorenzen, 1974, the number and arrangement of ambulatory setae is considered not to be of diagnostic importance. The former species Metaglochinema strigosum Gourbault \& Decraemer, 1993 is therefore classified under the genus Glochinema Lorenzen, 1974. The original genus diagnosis of Metaglochinema, now a monotypic genus, is adjusted. The geographic distribution of epsilonematid nematodes is briefly discussed.},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Raes, M. and Vanreusel, A. and Decraemer, W.}
}
@article {151,
	title = {Postembryonic morphology in epsilonematidae, with a discussion on the variability of caudal gland outlets},
	journal = {Journal of NematologyJournal of Nematology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {1},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Raes, Maarten Decraemer, Wilfrida Vanreusel, Ann},
	month = {Mar},
	pages = {97-118},
	abstract = {A new species of Akanthepsilonema and the first-stage juvenile of Glochinema trispinatum are described. Furthermore, additional morphological information is provided for Triepsilonema tripapillata. Animals originate from a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight area (North-East Atlantic Ocean). Akanthepsilonema sinecornibus sp. n. differs from A. helleouetae in number of body annules, sexual dimorphism in amphid size, absence of copulatory thorns in males, absence of large spines and horns, shape of the copulatory apparatus, and position of ambulatory setae relative to vulva in females. The genus diagnosis for Akanthepsilonema is adjusted to incorporate the new species. Akanthepsilonema mainly differs froth every other genus in the family by the combination of six rows of ambulatory setae situated around the vulva in females and eight subcephalic setae not displaced toward the anterior part of the head capsule. Small differences between the Papua New Guinea and the Porcupine Seabight populations of T. tripapillata indicate minimal intraspecific variability. Second-stage juveniles from Papua New Guinea have two rows of three ambulatory setae, whereas Porcupine Seabight specimens have two rows of four ambulatory setae. First- and fourth-stage juveniles of T. tripapillata are described for the first time. Literature data and personal observations showed that the molting of first-stage juveniles into second-stage juveniles and of third-stage juveniles into fourth-stage juveniles involves a decrease in the number of body rings, resulting in a loss of flexibility which is possibly compensated for by the development (I-II) or the doubling of the number of rows (III-IV) of ambulatory setae. This decrease is also linked with the formation of the head capsule and the smooth tail tip, although intergeneric variability is evident. The molting of second-stage juveniles into third-stage juveniles and of fourth-stage,juveniles into adults is also subject to intergeneric variability. The variability in the number and orientation of caudal gland outlets among different nematode taxa is discussed. The presence of separate outlets for the caudal glands seems to be widespread within the family Epsilonematidae and has also been observed in various other, unrelated taxa of free-living aquatic nematodes, although their arrangement in Epsilonematidae is opposite. This aberrant arrangement is probably related to the aberrant locomotory pattern in this family.},
	isbn = {0022-300X},
	author = {Raes, M. and Decraemer, W. and Vanreusel, A.}
}
@article {111,
	title = {Draconematidae (Nematoda) from cold-water corals in the Porcupine Seabight: The genus<i> Cygnonema</i> Allen \& Noffsinger, 1978},
	journal = {Organisms Diversity \& EvolutionOrganisms Diversity \& Evolution},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Raes, Maarten Decraemer, Wilfrida Vanreusel, Ann},
	pages = {37-40},
	abstract = {Two new and closely related species of the genus Cygnonema Allen \& Noffsinger, 1978 are described from a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight (NE Atlantic). Both species differ from C. steineri Allen \& Noffsinger, 1978 by more pronounced pharyngeal and posterior swellings, a smaller body, a shorter pharynx in relation to body length, a higher number of CAT, and by the absence of a dorsal tooth. Cygnonema verum sp. n. differs from C. belgicae sp. n. by its greater body length, the relatively larger held capsule, a higher number of CAT, a more anteriorly positioned anteriormost laterodorsal CAT, a higher number of PAT, by the external labial sensilla being setiform, a higher number of subcephalic setae, and by a more anterior position of the amphidial fovea on the head capsule. Males of C. verum sp. n. are easily recognised by the presence of two large subventral, precloacal corniform setae. They also differ froth males of C. belgicae sp. n. in the smaller amount of cytoplasm in the sperm cells, a knoblike capitulum, and a relatively shorter tail tip. The diagnosis of Cygnonema is emended, and a dichotomic identification key to the three species is provided. (C) 2008 Gesellschaft fur Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {1439-6092},
	author = {Raes, M. and Decraemer, W. and Vanreusel, A.}
}
@article {112,
	title = {Draconematidae (Nematoda) from cold-water corals in the Porcupine Seabight: The genus <i>Tenuidraconema</i> Decraemer, 1989},
	journal = {Organisms Diversity \& EvolutionOrganisms Diversity \& Evolution},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {2009},
	note = {Raes, Maarten Decraemer, Wilfrida Vanreusel, Ann},
	pages = {41-43},
	abstract = {A new species of Tenuidraconema Decraemer, 1989 is described from a cold-water coral degradation zone in the Porcupine Seabight (NE Atlantic). Tenuidraconema microsperma sp. n. is distinguished from all other species of Tenuidraconema by the combination of 10 CAT located posterior to the amphidial fovea, SIAT alternately long and short, male amphidial fovea composed of an inner and an outer loop, with ventral arm of inner loop as long as high, external labial sensilla papilliform, compact, jagged sperm cells with large, refraractive inclusions, the shape of the gubernaculum and the number of tail rings. The species diagnosis of T. koreense Rho \& Kiln, 2004 is emended, based on new specimens found in the Porcupine Seabight. In the online edition oh this paper, the fourth-stage juvenile of T. koreense is described for the first tithe, additional descriptive data for the species are provided, and its biogeography in the North Atlantic is discussed. The diagnosis of Tenuidraconema is emended, and a dichotomic identification key to the five included species is provided. (C) 2008 Gesellschaft fur Biologische Systematik. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.},
	isbn = {1439-6092},
	author = {Raes, M. and Decraemer, W. and Vanreusel, A.}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Walking with worms: coral-associated epifaunal nematodes},
	journal = {Journal of BiogeographyJournal of Biogeography},
	volume = {35},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Raes, M. Decraemer, W. Vanreusel, A.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2207-2222},
	abstract = {To study the community structure and habitat preferences of the Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae in coral degradation zones. To assess the contribution of different localities and microhabitats to meiobenthic diversity in such ecosystems. To discuss dispersive capacities and the occurrence of cryptic species in meiobenthic organisms. Porcupine Seabight (north-east Atlantic Ocean; continental slope) and a transect along the Kenyan coast (Indian Ocean; shallow lagoon). In the north-east Atlantic, dead coral fragments, sponge skeletons and sediment were collected with a boxcorer. Along the Kenyan coast, dead coral fragments and coral gravel were collected during snorkelling and skin diving. Only nematodes belonging to the families Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae were considered. Community structure was analysed using multivariate techniques. Biodiversity was represented via rarefaction curves. Additive partitioning of species diversity was conducted. Turnover between microhabitats within locations and between locations within microhabitats were compared in a ternary plot. Twelve epsilonematid and five draconematid species were found in the Porcupine Seabight. In Kenya, 39 epsilonematid and 20 draconematid species were distinguished. Three species were found at both sampling locations. A table with the known distribution of all currently described species encountered in our study area is provided. At both sampling locations, the communities on coral fragments were significantly different from those in the other microhabitats, and were most diverse. In Kenya, species richness was mainly determined by local diversity and by turnover between localities. The contribution of beta-diversity decreased when abundance data were analysed. Turnover between microhabitats and between coral samples from different localities was higher than turnover between locations for gravel samples. Coral fragments were recognized as favourable substrata for typically epifaunal nematodes. Species-specific habitat preferences were explained by finely tuned morphological adaptations. Our results suggest that cosmopolitan species could well be cryptic species, and this explanation for the existence of morphologically identical nematodes in geographically distant areas is weighed up against other plausible explanations. Coral degradation zones are an important source for new species of Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae. The addition of sampling locations contributed to the total number of species, although the added species were generally rare.},
	isbn = {0305-0270},
	author = {Raes, M. and Decraemer, W. and Vanreusel, A.}
}
