@article {Steel2018,
	title = {Factors influencing the nematode community during composting and nematode-based criteria for compost maturity},
	journal = {Ecological Indicators},
	volume = {85},
	number = {October 2017},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {409{\textendash}421},
	publisher = {Elsevier},
	abstract = {Pilot studies indicate that shifts in the nematode species composition, life strategies and feeding behavior during composting appear to be fairly consistent and, therefore, promising as a potential tool to assess compost maturity. However, this has been only based on a limited number of, mainly, non-replicated observations. In this study, we tested whether the nematode community succession patterns are recurrent for parallel processes and assessed the relationship between the changes in the nematode community and potential important variables (i.e., temperature, duration of composting and the microbial community). The nematode and microbial community of three simultaneously running Controlled Farm Composting and a reference Green Waste composting process were analyzed through time. Bacterial-feeding enrichment opportunists were most numerous during and directly after the heat peaks. Subsequently, the bacterial-feeding/predator community dominated and the fungal-feeding nematodes became more dominant during maturation, confirming general community patterns from previous experiments. Nematode abundances significantly fluctuated with temperature and the relative abundance of fungal-feeding nematodes increased as the duration of the curing process increased. The amount of fungal-feeding nematodes was associated significantly with both duration of composting and temperature, and the F/(F + B) ratio was only significantly associated with duration of composting. Based on these results, and additional data from an industrial reference compost process and on available literature, a Nematode-based Index of Compost Maturity (NICM) is proposed, combining four nematode-based criteria (i.e., nematode abundance, F/(F + B) ratio, the presence of more than one fungal-feeding taxon and the presence of diplogasterids). Nevertheless, the NICM should be considered as work in progress which should be tested for a wider range of composts from diverse feedstock mixtures, locations (sites) and composting techniques, to validate the use of the index and allow more reliable interpretation of particular values of this index.},
	keywords = {Compost phases, Ecological indicator, Microbial community, Nematode-based index of compost maturity (NICM), Plfa},
	isbn = {0021-9568
1520-5134},
	issn = {1470160X},
	doi = {10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.039},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.10.039},
	author = {Steel, H. and Moens, T. and Vandecasteele, B. and Hendrickx, F. and De Neve, S. and Neher, D. A. and Bert, W.}
}
@article {150,
	title = {Nematode communities of small farmland ponds},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {583},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 58 152JQ SPRINGER VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS DORDRECHT},
	pages = {91-105},
	abstract = {The nematofauna of 14 farmland ponds, selected according to a gradient of surrounding agricultural land-use intensity, from five regions in North-West of Belgium were studied. The total nematode density (9-411 ind./10 cm(2) per pond), and especially the number of species (4-12 species per pond) was especially low in these ponds. In total, 17 genera of free-living benthic nematodes, belonging to 15 families, are identified. Tobrilus gracilis and Eumonhystera filiformis were the most common species and were found in 13 and 12 of the 14 sampled ponds, respectively. The genera Tobrilus and Eumonhystera jointly comprise 77\% of the total nematofauna. Consequently, the investigated water bodies were dominated by deposit feeding Monhysteridae and/or by chewing Tobrilidae. Diplogasteridae and Rhabditidae, normally related with eutrophic habitats, were almost absent. In order to explain the variation of total density, diversity, feeding-types composition and the individual density of the six most important species within ponds as well, sets of environmental variables were statistically selected. It was demonstrated that morphologically very similar species can show highly different ecological properties. The presence of a substantial mud layer and of an overall high level of eutrophication as well as the presence of possibly associated anaerobic conditions are put forward as the main factors explaining the observed low density and diversity. Total phosphate concentration and sediment characteristics seem to be the most important variables to explain the nematode community structure. However, a clear pattern of environmental variables, agricultural land use and nematode assemblages was not observed},
	keywords = {BENTHIC NEMATODES, diversity, ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS, FAMILY, FREE-LIVING NEMATODES, freshwater, LIFE-HISTORY, MATURITY INDEX, meiofauna, NATIONAL-PARK BERCHTESGADEN, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, OLIGOTROPHIC LAKE KONIGSSEE, pool, SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION, SOUTHWEST GERMANY, SUBMOUNTAIN CARBONATE STREAM, water body},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Bert, W. and Messiaen, M. and Hendrickx, F. and Manhout, J. and De Bie, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@conference {159,
	title = {Nematode communities of small pools in an agricultural landscape},
	booktitle = {Journal of NematologyJournal of Nematology},
	volume = {38},
	number = {2},
	year = {2006},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Meeting Abstract English Cited References Count: 0 086KM SOC NEMATOLOGISTS},
	pages = {262-262},
	keywords = {NEMATODE, pool},
	isbn = {0022-300X},
	author = {Bert, W. and Messiaen, M. and Hendrickx, F. and Manhout, J. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {67,
	title = {Anthelmintic tolerance in free-living and facultative parasitic isolates of Halicephalobus (Panagrolaimidae)},
	journal = {ParasitologyParasitology},
	volume = {139},
	number = {10},
	year = {2012},
	note = {Fonderie, P. Bert, W. Hendrickx, F. Houthoofd, W. Moens, T.},
	month = {Sep},
	pages = {1301-1308},
	abstract = {Studies on anthelmintic resistance in equine parasites do not include facultative parasites. Halicephalobus gingivalis is a free-living bacterivorous nematode and a known facultative parasite of horses with a strong indication of some form of tolerance to common anthelmintic drugs. This research presents the results of an in vitro study on the anthelmintic tolerance of several isolates of Halicephalobus to thiabendazole and ivermectin using an adaptation of the Micro-Agar Larval Development Test hereby focusing on egg hatching and larval development. Panagrellus redivivus and Panagrolaimus superbus were included as a positive control. The results generally show that the anthelmintic tolerance of Halicephalobus to both thiabendazole and ivermectin was considerably higher than that of the closely related Panagrolaimidae and, compared to other studies, than that of obligatory equine parasites. Our results further reveal a remarkable trend of increasing tolerance from fully free-living isolates towards horse-associated isolates. In vitro anthelmintic testing with free-living and facultative parasitic nematodes offers the advantage of observing drug effect on the complete life cycle as opposed to obligatory parasites that can only be followed until the third larval stage. We therefore propose Halicephalobus gingivalis as an experimental tool to deepen our understanding of the biology of anthelmintic tolerance.},
	isbn = {0031-1820},
	author = {Fonderie, P. and Bert, W. and Hendrickx, F. and Houthoofd, W. and Moens, T.}
}
