| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication: | 2019 |
| Authors: | M. Claeys, Handayani, N. Dwi, Yushin, V. V., Lestari, P., Dikin, A., Helder, J., Bert, W. |
| Journal: | Nematology |
| Volume: | 22 |
| Pagination: | 1–8 |
| ISSN: | 1388-5545 |
| ISBN Number: | 1568541100003 |
| Keywords: | a, a hurdle that needs, at the same time, cuticle, eggshell, globodera rostochiensis, heterodera schachtii, in their early life, nematodes are protected by, one would like to, robust eggshell, second-stage juvenile, stages, the eggshell constitutes, to be overcome if, transmission electron microscopy |
| Abstract: | Ultrastructural analysis of the early development of nematodes is hampered by the impermeability of the eggshell to most commonly used fixatives. High-pressure freezing (HPF), a physical cryo-fixation method, facilitates a fast rate of fixation, and by using this method the issue of the uneven delivery of fixative is circumvented. Although HPF results in a superior preservation of the fine structure, the equipment costs impede a wider application of this method. Self-pressurised rapid freezing (SPRF) is an alternative low-cost cryo-fixation method, and its usefulness was evaluated in an ultrastructural study of the eggshell and the cuticle of unhatched second-stage juveniles (J2) of Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera schachtii . A comparison with conventional (chemical) fixation demonstrates that SPRF fixation results in a remarkably well-preserved ultrastructure of the entire egg including both the eggshell and the cellular details of the unhatched J2. Therefore, SPRF fixation is proposed as an affordable, relatively easy-to-use and time-efficient technique to study the ultrastructure of unhatched J2 and eggs of nematodes. |
| DOI: | 10.1163/15685411-00003287 |