01773nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245019200055210006900247300001200316490000600328520113800334100002601472700001701498700002401515700001801539856004601557       2005                        eng d  a1388-554500aParatrichodorus divergens sp n., a new potential virus vector of tobacco rattle virus and additional observations on P-hispanus Roca & Arias, 1986 from Portugal (Nematoda : Trichodoridae)0 aParatrichodorus divergens sp n a new potential virus vector of t  a343-3610 v73 aDuring a survey of trichodorids in continental Portugal, a new trichodorid species, Paratrichodorus divergens sp. n., was found. It is described and illustrated with specimens from the type locality together with additional morphometric data and photographs of specimens obtained from soil samples collected in seven other localities. The species is characterised in the female by distinct drop-like to triangular oblique vaginal sclerotisations diverging outwards and sperm cells usually distributed all through the uteri, and in the male by thin, almost straight, striated spicules, the two posteriormost precloacal supplements being located relatively close to one another and usually opposite the distal third of the retracted spicules, presence of a slightly bilobed cloacal lip and sperm cells with a sausage-shaped nucleus. Paratrichodorus divergens sp. n. most closely resembles P. hispanus Roca & Arias, 1986 with which it often occurs in mixed populations. Additional information is also provided for P. hispanus. Coding of the features of the new species is given following the identification key of Decraemer and Baujard.1 ade Almeida, M., T. M.1 aSantos, Msna1 aAbrantes, I., M. O.1 aDecraemer, W.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16902063nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260000800246300001200254490000700266520155100273100001901824700001601843856004601859       2005                        eng d  a0001-727200aUltrastructure of sperm development in the free-living marine nematode Metachromadora itoi (Chromadoria, Desmodorida)0 aUltrastructure of sperm development in the freeliving marine nem  cOct  a255-2650 v863 aThe spermatogenesis of the free-living marine nematode Metachromadora itoi was studied with electron microscopy. Spermatocytes and early spermatids have no cytoplasmic components specific for nematodes, i.e. membranous organelles (MO) and fibrous bodies (FB). The late spermatids are subdivided into the residual body and the main cell body with a centrally located nucleus devoid of a nuclear envelope. A pair of 9 x 2 centrioles is associated with the nuclei of spermatids and spermatozoa. The nucleus of the mature spermatid is surrounded by a thick mass of radially arranged FB delimited externally by a discontinuous layer of mitochondria, which underlie a thin ectoplasm. Sperm development is accompanied by transfer of FB matter through the mitochondrion layer into the ectoplasm. The immature spermatozoa from the testis have the centrally located nucleus surrounded by a transparent halo with remnants of FB. The halo is delimited by a sphere of mitochondria that underlie the thick fibrous ectoplasm, a derivative of the FB. In the mature spermatozoa the ectoplasm is transformed into the prominent unpolarized pseudopod. The central nucleus is surrounded by a transparent halo and a sphere of mitochondria, which underlie the pseudopod. MO were not found throughout spermatogenesis. In general, spermatogenesis in M. itoi differs from that observed in many nematodes but resembles in some details the sperm development in some chromadorid and tylenchomorph nematodes. The phylogenetic importance of this sperm development is discussed.1 aYushin, V., V.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16201556nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156260000800225300001200233490000800245520088800253100001601141700001801157700001501175700001701190700002201207700001701229700001701246700001701263856004601280       2005                        eng d  a0362-252500aUnusual intestinal lamellae in the nematode Rhabditophanes sp KR3021 (Nematoda : Alloinematidae)0 aUnusual intestinal lamellae in the nematode Rhabditophanes sp KR  cMay  a223-2320 v2643 aThe free-living nematode Rhabditophanes sp. has recently been placed in a clade of animal parasites and may be a unique example of a reversal to a nonparasitic lifestyle. Detailed morphological analysis of the intestine reveals the unusual and unique structure of splitting microlamellae forming a meshwork with cavities along the entire intestinal tract. Secretion vesicles were observed along the whole tract and along the length of the lamellae. It is suggested that these lamellae are adaptations to a different digestive strategy where low food availability and a low absorption surface are compensated for by maximizing the nutrient uptake efficiency along the entire length of the intestine. The likely reversal to a free-living life cycle may have caused drastic changes in diet, providing the necessary driving forces to such morphological changes. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1 aWillems, M.1 aHouthoofd, W.1 aClaeys, M.1 aCouvreur, M.1 aVan Driessche, R.1 aAdriaens, D.1 aJacobsen, K.1 aBorgonie, G.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16301320nas a2200229   4500008004100000020001400041245013400055210006900189260000800258300001000266490000700276520062300283100001500906700002000921700001700941700001900958700001800977700001600995700001701011700001601028856004601044       2005                        eng d  a0932-011300aAn SXP/RAL-2 protein produced by the subventral pharyngeal glands in the plant parasitic root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita0 aSXPRAL2 protein produced by the subventral pharyngeal glands in   cJan  a50-540 v953 aMeloidogyne incognita is a major parasite of numerous plant families, including many crop species. Upon infection of the plant root, it induces several multinucleate giant cells by the injection of pharyngeal gland secretions into the root cells. In order to obtain a better understanding of the nematode-plant interaction, characterization of the pharyngeal gland secretions is a necessity. By differential display, a nematode gene was identified that encodes a new member of the SXP/RAL-2 protein family. The gene is specifically expressed in the subventral pharyngeal glands and the protein is most likely secreted.1 aTytgat, T.1 aVercauteren, I.1 aVanholme, B.1 aDe Meutter, J.1 aVanhoutte, I.1 aGheysen, G.1 aBorgonie, G.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16401739nas a2200349   4500008004100000020001400041245006100055210005700116300001200173490000600185520081200191653001501003653001301018653002401031653002401055653001801079653001501097653001301112653001801125653001301143653003301156653001601189653001601205653001501221653002201236653001501258653002201273653001601295100001601311700001601327856004601343       2005                        eng d  a1388-554500aPhasmids in Tylenchulidae (Tylenchida : Criconematoidea)0 aPhasmids in Tylenchulidae Tylenchida Criconematoidea  a249-2520 v73 aLight-microscope studies revealed the presence of phasmids in the mid-tail region in species of the genera Tylenchulus, Trophotylenchulus (syn. Trophonema), Sphaeronema and Meloidoderita in Tylenchulidae. Scanning electron microscopy studies on Sphaeronema species verified these observations. Absence of phasmids or phasmid-like structures was confirmed for genera placed in Paratylenchinae and Tylenchocriconematinae in the same family, and for other taxa of Criconematoidea. This first record of phasmids in the superfamily Criconematoidea requires reconsideration of the systematic position of Tylenchulidae and of the relationships of the genera currently placed in this family. Presence of phasmids, deirids and other morphological characters place Tylenchulidae in a basal position in Criconematoidea10aCHARACTERS10aELECTRON10aelectron microscopy10aELECTRON-MICROSCOPY10aMeloidoderita10amorphology10aNematoda10aParatylenchus10aPOSITION10aSCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY10aSphaeronema10asystematics10aTrophonema10aTrophotylenchulus10aTYLENCHIDA10aTylenchocriconema10aTylenchulus1 aSturhan, D.1 aGeraert, E.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16501880nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245018800055210006900243300001200312490000700324520129500331100001401626700001801640700001801658856004601676       2005                        eng d  a0007-972300aA new species of Glochinema (Epsilonematidae : Nematoda) from the oxygen minimum zone off Baja California, NE Pacific and phylogenetic relationships at species level within the family0 anew species of Glochinema Epsilonematidae Nematoda from the oxyg  a105-1260 v463 aGlochinema spinithorni sp. nov. is described from muddy, bathyal sediments of the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of the north eastern Pacific Ocean off Baja California. It is characterized by a rather large body length (over I mm), a large number of body rings (242-282), sexual dimorphism in the number and position of pharyngeal thorns near the head region, cuticular ornamentation with numerous hairy spines and two sets of stronger spines ventrally in the anterior body half, mid-sized spiral amphids, and by the number and arrangement of ambulatory setae and long spicules (over 100 mu m). The finding of a second OMZ Glochinema species with similar morphological characteristics supports the presumption that OMZs function as isolated habitats promoting endemism at low taxonomic levels. Results of phylogenetic analyses at the species level restricted to the Glochinematinae and Keratonematinae suggest that both OMZ species form a monophyletic group. An attempt was made to recognize phylogenetic relationships at species level within the family. The phylogenetic analyses were based upon a data matrix of 96 ingroup taxa and 25 characters. The results support the monophyly of the genera Leptepsilonema, Metepsilonema, Perepsilonema and Polkepsilonema (with or without Pternepsilonema).1 aNeira, C.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aBackeljau, T.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16600568nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245012100055210006900176260000800245300001200253490000700265100002000272700001800292700002600310700001600336856004600352       2005                        eng d  a0191-291700aFirst report of the stubby-root nematode Paratrichodorus teres associated with artichoke (Cynara scolymus) in Greece0 aFirst report of the stubbyroot nematode Paratrichodorus teres as  cJun  a685-6850 v891 aKaranastasi, E.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aKyriakopoulou, P., E.1 aNeilson, R.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/16701577nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245017300055210006900228300001200297490000600309520100500315100001501320700002201335700001601357856004601373       2005                        eng d  a1388-554500aTerrestrial nematodes from the Galapagos Archipelago. 10. Morphological and taxonomical analysis of Carcharolaimus ramirezi Thorne, 1967 (Dorylaimida : Qudsianematidae)0 aTerrestrial nematodes from the Galapagos Archipelago 10 Morpholo  a133-1470 v73 aCarcharolaimus ramirezi was found in six soil samples from four islands of the Galapagos Archipelago. It is described for the first time since its original discovery, with particular emphasis on the morphology of its anterior end as seen under light microscope and SEM. Six large, but thin, liplets overhang the labial basket, which consists of thick plates ornamented with irregular ridges and denticles. Posterior to the labial basket, six pillars form a postlabial cage and provide attachment for eight dilatatores buccae. The species can survive desiccation and is probably well adapted to and soils. Paratypes of C bediensis were also studied and revealed that this species is actually synonymous with C banaticus, rather than being very close to C. ramirezi as suggested by previous descriptions. The recently proposed genus Carcharodiscus is rejected, and the possible synonymy of Carcharolaimus with the senior genus Antholaimus is noted. A compendium to the genus Carcharolaimus is provided.1 aDe Ley, P.1 aVan Driessche, R.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/168