01524nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245017700055210006900232260000800301300001200309490000800321520096100329100001401290700001601304856004601320       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .7. The family Rhabdolaimidae Chitwood, 1951 sensu Lorenzen, 1981 (Chromadorida: Nematoda) with the description of Udonchus merhatibebi n sp0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 7 The family Rhabdolaimidae Chit  cDec  a197-2140 v3413 aThree species of Rhabdolaimus de Man, 1880 and two (of which one is new to science) of Udonchus Cobb, 1913 are described from sediment samples of two lakes, two rivers and a hot spring, Ethiopia. Udonchus merhatibebi n.sp. is characterized by a distinctly truncate lip region and small cardia surrounded by gland cells that lie on the anterior intestine at 45 degrees. The presence of twelve rugae in the cheilostome in the genus Udonchus is reported here for the first time. As a result, the family Rhabdolaimidae has been moved from suborder Leptolaimina to the superfamily Microlaimoidea in the suborder Chromadorina. The family Rhabdolaimidae is also subdivided into the subfamilies Rhabdolaiminae Chitwood, 1951 and Undonchinae n. subfam.. Scanning electronmicroscopic pictures of the five species viz. R. aquaticus de Man, 1880, R. cf, minor Cobb, 1914, R. terrestris de Man, 1880, U. merhatibebi n.sp. and U. tenuicaudatus Cobb, 1913 are also given.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26301226nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245017000055210006900225260000800294300001000302490000800312520067200320100001400992700001601006856004601022       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .5. Descriptions of Achromadora inflata n sp, Ethmolaimus zullinii n sp and Prodesmodora nurta Zullini, 1988 (Chromadorida: Nematoda)0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 5 Descriptions of Achromadora in  cSep  a27-390 v3323 aThree species of chromadorids two of which are new to science are described from bottom samples of Lake Tana, L. Ziway and River Abbay, Ethiopia. Achromadora inflata n. sp. and Ethmolaimus zullinii n. sp. are characterized by a uniquely inflated and offset anterior end. The latter is an exception in its genus also by its possession of a well developed dorsal tooth and inconspicuous ventrosublateral denticles. Prodesmodora nurta Zullini, 1988 is reported here for the first time out of its type locality and is described in detail. SEM pictures of Ethmolaimus zullinii n. sp. and Prodesmodora nurta, and complete setae maps of the three species are also presented.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26402224nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245022100055210006900276260000800345300001000353490000800363520161900371100001401990700001602004856004602020       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .6. The genera <i>Chronogaster</i> Cobb, 1913, Plectus Bastian, 1865 and Prismatolaimus de Man, 1880 with descriptions of C-ethiopica n sp and C-getachewi n sp (Chromadorida: Nematoda)0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 6 The genera iChronogasteri Cobb  cSep  a41-610 v3323 aFive species belonging to three genera viz. Chronogaster Cobb, 1913, Plectus Bastian, 1865 and Prismatolaimus de Man, 1880, two of which are new to science are described from a hot spring, Rivers Abbay and Gelda and Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Chronogaster ethiopica n. sp., in its possession of a ventral mucro, comes close to a number of species but differs from all hitherto known species in a combination of characteristics: its possession of crystalloid bodies, vacuolated lateral glandular bodies, horse-shoe-shaped amphids and spineless tail terminus, and its lack of longitudinal lateral lines. C. getachewi n. sp. is a unique species in the genus in having more than 100 vacuolated lateral glandular bodies and a dorsal mucro that emerges from the tail terminus about 1.5 mu m from the tail tip. Detailed descriptions of C. multispinatoides Heyns & Coomans, 1984, Plectus (Plectus) galapagensis De Ley & Coomans, 1994, and Prismatolaimus matoni Mulk & Coomans, 1979 are given. The most important characteristics in the specific identifications of the genus Chronogaster are discussed. These most important characteristics of the seventeen species described after the first review of the genus by Heyns & Coomans (1980) are reviewed in the form of tables and illustrations. Additional information on the morphology of the genus generated after the first review is particularly dealt with. In addition, SEM pictures of C. getachewi n. sp., C. multispinatoides, P. (P.) galapagensis and P. matoni are presented. Furthermore, SEM pictures of a population of C. magnifica Andrassy, 1956 from Ivory Coast are included.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26502718nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245014900055210006900204260000800273300000900281490000800290520218600298100001402484700001602498856004602514       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .1. The genus <i>Monhystera</i> Bastian, 1865 (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) with the description of four new species0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 1 The genus iMonhysterai Bastian  cMay  a1-510 v3243 aFreshwater bottom samples collected from Ethiopia during December 1993 and January 1994 yielded six species of the genus Monhystera Bastian, 1865 of which four are new to science. Each of the four new species can be recognized by a combination of characters; Monhystera shibrui n. sp, can be identified by the presence of a dorsal denticle, post-vulval gland cells, short vagina, and its viviparity, M. tanae n. sp. by the offset lip region, short cephalic setae, short vagina, possession of a pair of posterio-dorsolateral vaginal gland cells, more posteriorly situated vulva, lack of post-vulval gland cell, shorter vulva-anus distance compared to tail, its viviparity, short spicules, and short gubernaculum, M. nubiae n. sp. by its long vagina, presence of a pair of post-vulval gland cells and a very sharp, arrow-head shaped spinneret tip, and M. deleyi n. sp. can be recognized by the attenuated anterior end with narrow lip region, relatively wide amphids compared to corresponding body width, long vagina, presence of post-vulval gland cell, and cardia with three gland cells. Detailed descriptions of M. cf. gabaza Joubert & Heyns, 1980 and M. somereni Allgen, 1952 are also given. While both species are reported here for the first time from Ethiopia, the former is reported for the first time out of South Africa and the need for more information on its type population is stressed. Lateral line is reported here from two species, M. deleyi n. sp. and M. cf. gabaza Joubert & Heyns, 1980, for the first time in the genus. Scanning electromicrographs of four species, M. Shibrui n. sp., M. nubiae n. sp., M. deleyi n. sp. and M. cf. gabaza, are also given. Structures used in species identification in the genus Monhystera are reviewed. It is recommended, in future species descriptions in the genus, to use labial setae in addition to the use of cephalic setae, actual vaginal length in addition to its ratio to the corresponding body width both in females without and females with eggs but separately, a full and detailed description of the cells of the reproductive system and coelomocyte distribution, and to include an enlarged illustration of the spinneret outlet.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26602246nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245014000055210006900195260000800264300001000272490000800282520172200290100001402012700001602026856004602042       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .2. The genus Monhystrella Cobb, 1918 (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) with the description of six new species0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 2 The genus Monhystrella Cobb 19  cMay  a53-770 v3243 aEight species of the genus Monhystrella, six of which are new to science, are described from bottom samples collected from three lakes, two rivers and a hot spring in Ethiopia. Monhystrella hoogewijsi n. sp, is identified by a distinctive bulge on the lip region, position of the amphids, offset and well developed single pharyngeal terminal bulb, tail shorter than vulva-anus distance, tail elongate-conoid for two-thirds of its length, and by the shape and size of the spinneret outlet; M. jacobsi n. sp. by its slender body, distinctively offset and distended lip region, indistinct and weakly expanding single terminal pharyngeal bulb, and shape and size of the tail and spinneret outlet; M. arsiensis n. sp. by its single terminal pharyngeal bulb, position of amphids, shape and length of tail and spinneret outlet; M. woitorum n. sp. by its hemispherical lip region, double terminal pharyngeal bulb, shape and length of the spinneret outlet, and shape and length of tail; M. ethiopica n. sp. by its bipartite stoma, size of amphid in relation to corresponding body width, filiform tail and shape and length of spinneret outlet. M. atteae n. sp. differs from all known Monhystrella species in having an inflated cap-like lip region and fine crystalloid bodies. M. macrura (de Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1981 and M. lepidura altherri (Juget, 1969) Jacobs, 1987 are reported from Ethiopia for the first time. Crystalloid bodies in the genus Monhystrella is reported here for the first time. Also the presence of a hyaline coelomocyte next to the germinal zone of the reproductive system is reported for the first time in the genus here in all eight species. The structures used in the taxonomy of the genus are reviewed.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26701761nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210006900199260000800268300001000276490000800286520123300294100001401527700001601541856004601557       1996                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .3. The genus Eumonhystera Andrassy, 1981 (Monhysteridae: Nematoda) with the description of E-geraerti n sp0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 3 The genus Eumonhystera Andrass  cMay  a79-970 v3243 aSix species of the genus Eumonhystera, one of which is new to science, are described from bottom samples of Lake Tana and two associated rivers, River Abbay and R. Gelda, Ethiopia. E. geraerti n. sp. can be identified by being the only species in the genus that combines very posteriorly positioned vulva [V% = 68.2 +/- 0.7 (67.3-69.3)] with very anteriorly positioned amphids (Amph-ABE/LRW = 0.8). The other five species encountered, E. dispar (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1981, E. filiformis (Bastian, 1865) Andrassy, 1981, E. pseudobulbosa (von Daday, 1896) Andrassy, 1981, E. mwerazii (Meyl, 1957) Andrassy, 1981, and E. vulgaris (de Man, 1880), Andrassy, 1981, are described in detail. The identities of some of the already described populations of E. dispar, E. filiformis and E. vulgaris are questioned and clearer and better ways of defining each of these three species are suggested. A peritrophic-like membrane on the outer side of the brush-border of the intestine of E. mwerazii, a species reported here for the first time out of its type locality, is reported. Also, scanning electronmicrographs of sectioned and entire specimens of E. mwerazii are presented. All species are reported from Ethiopia for the first time.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/26803676nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245004300055210004200098260000800140300000900148490000800157520327700165100001403442700001603456856004603472       1995                        eng d  a0018-815800aFRESH-WATER NEMATODES OF THE GALAPAGOS0 aFRESHWATER NEMATODES OF THE GALAPAGOS  cMar  a1-510 v2993 aFreshwater nematodes of the Galapagos archipelago were studied from four samples collected in 1988. Eighteen species, two of which are new to science, belonging to five orders, Enoplida, Dorylaimida, Mononchida, Monhysterida and Chromadorida, are described. Alaimus wittmeri n.sp. is characterised by having a smooth cuticle, a more posteriorly enlarged pharynx, a posteriorly situated amphidial fusus, obscure but anteriorly situated excretory pore, a mono-opisthodelphic ovary, and by the absence of sexual dimorphism in the lip region, the absence of pre-vulval uterine sac, the presence of males that have few (4-7) and weak ventromedian supplements and absence of mucro on tail tip. Monhystera floreanae n. sp. is distinguished by its females having a small body (L = 492-634 mu m) with a narrow lip region, narrow posteriorly located amphidial openings, a small value for the c'-ratio (c' = 6.0-7.5), weak vaginal sphincter, by the absence of post-vaginal gland cells, absence of males and absence of crystalloid bodies. The difficulty in the use of crystalloid bodies as diagnostic character in the genus Monhystera is discussed. Two forms, a big form and a small form, which are similar except in measurements are reported for Achromadora micoletzkyi. SEM photos of ruptured cuticle of A. micoletzkyi and A. semiarmata show unique intra-cuticular structures. Comparison of these structures in the two species is made. Papilliform instead of setiform outer labial sensilla are also observed in A. micoletzkyi. The presence of the male and fine crystalloid bodies in Achromadora semiarmata, dorsal body pore in Prismatolaimus dolichurus and Prismatolaimus kenyensis, forty longitudinal cuticular ridges around the mid-body of Stomachoglossa pachyderma, crystalloid bodies in Ironus dentifurcatus are reported here for the first time. SEM photos of twelve species: Monhystera floreanae n. sp., Monhystera somereni, Alaimus wittmeri n. sp., Monhystrella hastata, Paramphidelus dolichurus, Eutobrilus annetteae, Ironus dentifurcatus, Chronogaster cameroonensis, Rhabdolaimus terrestris, Stomachoglossa pachyderma, Achromadora micoletzkyi and Achromadora semiarmata, are also presented. The richest nematode fauna was found in El Junco (San Cristobal), the only permanent freshwater lake on the archipelago. The nine species recorded from the lake are probably only a fraction of the total nematode fauna. The very recent man made reservoir La Toma has a relatively high diversity, due to its vicinity to El Junco. It is argued that the freshwater nematodes from San Cristobal probably arrived there through passive transport by birds. The freshwater bodies encountered on Floreana are very different from those on San Cristobal and so is their nematode fauna. Part of the species found on these islands may have been transported by land birds, others may have invaded the freshwater from terrestrial habitats. Apart from the two new species, the other ones have a wide to very wide distribution (cosmopolitan, southern hemisphere,...), so that endemism of freshwater nematodes is very low, if it exists at all. This is due to easy dispersal capacities of nematodes on the one hand and the recent colonization (not more than 10 000, max. 40 000 years) on the other hand.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/27901307nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245018700055210006900242260000800311300001200319490000800331520073400339100001401073700001601087856004601103       1997                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia IX - One new and three known species of Dorylaimidae, Mononchus truncatus Bastian, 1865, and Diploscapter coronatus (Cobb, 1893) Cobb, 1913 (Nematoda)0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia IX One new and three known speci  cSep  a121-1380 v3533 aLaimydorus ritae n. sp., Laimydorus pseudostagnalis, Dorylaimus stagnalis, Ischiodorylaimus ugandanus, Mononchus truncatus and Diploscapter coronatus are described from sediment samples of Lake Tana, Ethiopia. Laimydorus ritae n. sp. is identified by its short odontostyle (16-18 mu m), a value of 1.4 for the ratio 'odontostyle L/lip region width', a lip region offset by depression, an anteriorly situated longitudinal vulva, females with long tail (328-392 mu m), non-hamate terminus and presence of males. Detailed descriptions of the remaining five species with scanning electron microscopic pictures of L. pseudostagnalis are also provided. I. ugandanus is reported here for the first time out of its type locality, Uganda.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/24601694nas a2200157   4500008004100000020001400041245014300055210006900198260000800267300001000275490000800285520116700293100001401460700001601474856004601490       1997                        eng d  a0018-815800aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia .8. Enoplids, with descriptions of Brevitobrilus fesehai n sp and B-tsalolikhini n sp (Enoplida: Nematoda)0 aAquatic nematodes from Ethiopia 8 Enoplids with descriptions of   cFeb  a149-&0 v3453 aTwo new and one known species of the genus Brevitobrilus, Epitobrilus setosus, Tripyla glomerans, and Ironus ignavus and I. sphincterus are described from sediments of Lakes Shala, Tana and Ziway, and River Abbay, Ethiopia. Brevitobrilus fesehai n. sp. can be recognized by a combination of characteristics: in having a narrow anterior end, short cephalic and outer labial setae, long and bow-shaped spicules, the posteriormost supplement at a distance of less than a spicule length from cloacal opening, numerous micropapillae, and terminal and subterminal setae. B. tsalolikhini n.sp. can also easily be differentiated from all known species in the genus in having a combination of characteristics: long cephalic and outer labial setae, short spicules without median stiffening piece, the posteriormost supplement situated very close to the cloacal opening, supplements with straight duct that merges with the dorsal wall of the ampulla, and elongate spermatozoa. The remaining five species are described in detail. Also scanning electron microscopic pictures of B. fesehai n.sp., B. tsalolikhini n.sp., Epitobrilus setosus and Tripyla glomerans are presented.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/24701124nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260000800238300001000246490000800256520059700264100001700861700001400878700001600892856004600908       2002                        eng d  a0018-815800aA new species of Eumonhystera and three species of Monhystera (Monhysteridae : Nematoda) from Li River, China0 anew species of Eumonhystera and three species of Monhystera Monh  cJan  a83-930 v4683 aA new Eumonhystera species, E. huruii n. sp., together with Monhystera nubiae Eyualem & Coomans, 1996, Monhystera somereni Allgen, 1952, and Monhystera wangi Wu & Hoeppli, 1932 are described from Li river at Guiling, China. Eumonhystera huruii n. sp. is closest to E. barbata Andrassy, 1981, but differs in having shorter anterior setae, much longer reproductive system, shorter and less dorsally bent tail and differently shaped spinneret. M. nubiae and M. wangi are reported here for the first time outside their type locality, whereas M. somereni is reported from China for the first time.1 aPeng, Y., L.1 aAbebe, E.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/19601480nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245014000055210006900195260000800264300001200272490000800284520092500292100001401217700001701231700001601248856004601264       2001                        eng d  a0018-815800aThalassomonhystera traesti n.sp., Eumonhystera andrassyi and three Monhystrella species (Monhysteridae : Nematoda) from Li River, China0 aThalassomonhystera traesti nsp Eumonhystera andrassyi and three   cOct  a185-1970 v4623 aA new Thalassomonhystera species, i.e. T traesti n.sp., and a new subspecies, Monhystrella lepidura chinensis n. subsp., together with Emnonhystera andrassyi (Biro, 1969) Andrassy, 1981, Monhystrella macrura (de Man, 1880) Andrassy, 1981 and Monhystrella iranica Schiemer, 1965 are described from Li River at Guiling, China. Thalassomonhystera traesti n.sp. is characterised by a combination of the following characters: expanded lip region, large and anteriorly situated amphids, prominent inner labial sensilla, and slender spicules and tube-like gubernaculum in males. Monhystrella lepidura chinensis n. subsp. belongs to Monhystrella lepidura (Andrassy, 1963) Andrassy, 1968 but differs from the three hitherto described subspecies in its possession of a pharynx that posteriorly expands into a double bulb. Monhystrella macrura, M. iranica and Eumonhystera andrassyi are reported here for the first time from China.1 aAbebe, E.1 aPeng, Y., L.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/20605031nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245008000055210006900135260000800204300001000212490000800222520454200230100001404772700001304786700001604799856004604815       2001                        eng d  a0018-815800aNematode communities of Lake Tana and other inland water bodies of Ethiopia0 aNematode communities of Lake Tana and other inland water bodies   cOct  a41-730 v4623 aFree-living nematodes from littoral benthie sediments of four lakes, two rivers and a hot spring in Ethiopia are studied. Populations of nematodes encountered are identified to the species level. The general nematode (generic and species) composition of the lakes, rivers and hot spring are appraised by giving special emphasis to the nematodes from L. Tana, i.e. three sites where different environmental factors come into play were considered. Gelda is a site close to a river inlet (River Gelda), Gedero is a site exposed to strong wind action while Zegie is a secluded site protected by a land mass from any strong wind action. Nematode communities were identified using classification and ordination techniques. The identified communities are then characterised with respect to species composition, biomass, density, diversity, size structure, feeding type and maturity index. Also, the vertical distribution of nematodes is examined at the community and species level. An attempt has been made to associate these variations with the considered environmental factors viz. site, water depth, sediment depth, median grain size and percentage of mud in the sediment. Median grain size and percentage of mud varied over the three sites with the lowest grain size and the highest percentage of mud in Gelda. The incoming river is regarded responsible for the high mud content at this site. The composition of the nematode communities from the lakes, rivers and hot spring by and large was typically freshwater. The highest number of species (40 species) was recorded from L. Tana (a lake relatively intensively sampled) whereas the lowest number was recorded front the saline lake, Abiyata (2 species). Both species in the latter belong to the genus Monhystrella. The complete dominance of species of this genus in L. Abiyata and its presence in the saline lakes and hot spring is argued to be associated with their opportunistic nature and their high temperature dependency and their capacity to withstand high osmotic stress conditions. The role played by salinity in the distribution of nematodes in inland water bodies is considered vital. The occurrence of two species of the genus Udonchus in River Abbay where an outlet of a waste disposal scheme of a textile factory is situated, and their absence in any other site coupled with the habitual presence of one of the two species in mineral waters are used to argue that the genus may be an indicator of some kind of environmental (chemical?) stress. Five nematode communities are identified in L. Tana, viz. Gelda at 0.5 m, Gelda at 1.5 m, Zegie at 0.5 m, Zegie at 1.5 m and Gedero. The vulnerability of Gedero to strong wind action is maintained to be the main reason for the absence of a significant difference in nematode community at the two water depths at this site. The presence of few dominant species characterised four of the five communities. Factors that account for differences in species composition and abundance are discussed. Local conditions are thought to be important in the different communities in L. Tana. A strategy in niche partitioning is suggested to be the main driving force behind the composition of few most dominant species which (in L. Tana and other reviewed lakes) invariably was a combination of a deposit feeder(s) and an omnivore/predator(s) species. In general, nematode diversity in L. Tana was comparable to that found in oligotrophic and mesotrophic freshwater lakes. Nematode diversity varied over the different communities in L. Tana. The two communities in Gelda were less divers and were composed of smaller species than those communities in Zegie and Gedero, and this is explained by the muddy nature of the sediment in Gelda. Most of the difference in diversity among communities could be explained at the genus level. Density and biomass varied significantly over the five communities, density (m(-2)) was in the range 91 x 10(3)-504.7 x 10(3) and biomass was in the range 0.02-0.33 g dry wt/m(2) (0.01-0.16 gC/m(2)). Deposit feeders dominated in all communities followed by omnivore/predators. Epistrate feeders had the lowest abundance. In all sites, except Gelda at 0.5 m, a large proportion of the nematodes occurred in the uppermost sediment layer (0-1 cm). The number of species also decreased with increasing sediment depth. A relatively higher proportion of nematodes were found in the surface sediment at deeper water depth (1.5 m) than at shallower depth (0.5 in). The vertical profile of biomass followed that of density.1 aAbebe, E.1 aMees, J.1 aCoomans, A.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/20701889nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001400041245005900055210005700114260000800171300001000179490000800189520142900197100001401626700001801640700001501658856004601673       2008                        eng d  a0018-815800aGlobal diversity of nematodes (Nematoda) in freshwater0 aGlobal diversity of nematodes Nematoda in freshwater  cJan  a67-780 v5953 aDespite free-living nematodes being present in all types of limnetic habitats including unfavorable conditions that exclude many other meiobenthic invertebrates, they received less attention than marine and terrestrial forms. Two-fifths of the nematode families, one-fifth of the nearly 1800 genera and only 7% of the about 27,000 nominal species are recorded from freshwater habitats. The Dorylaimia are the most successful in freshwater habitats with nearly two-thirds of all known freshwater nematodes belonging to this subclass. Members of the subclass Enoplia are principally marine though include some exclusively freshwater taxa with extreme endemism. The subclass Chromadoria includes half of the freshwater nematode families and members of the Monhysterida and Plectida are among the most widely reported freshwater nematodes. Studies on freshwater nematodes show extreme regional bias; those from the southern hemisphere are extremely underrepresented, especially compared to European freshwater bodies. The majority of records are from a single biogeographic region. Discussion on nematode endemism is largely premature since apart from Lake Baikal, the nematofauna of ancient lakes as centers of speciation is limited and recent discoveries show high nematode abundance and diversity in cryptic freshwater bodies, underground calcrete formations and stromatolite pools potentially with a high number of new taxa.1 aAbebe, E.1 aDecraemer, W.1 aDe Ley, P.  uhttps://nematodes.myspecies.info/node/140