@article {139,
	title = {Molecular phylogeny of the Tylenchina and evolution of the female gonoduct (Nematoda : Rhabditida)},
	journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and EvolutionMolecular Phylogenetics and Evolution},
	volume = {48},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Bert, W Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 82 339CQ ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SAN DIEGO},
	pages = {728-744},
	abstract = {Tylenchina are a morphologically and functionally diverse group of nematode species that range from free-living bacteriovores, over transitory grazing root-hair feeders to highly specialized plant-parasites with complex host associations. We performed phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rDNA sequences from 97 species including an analysis that account for the RNA secondary structure in the models of evolution. The present study confirms the sister relationship of the bacteriovore Cephalobiclae with the predominantly plant-parasitic Tylenchomorpha. All analyses appoint the fungal-feeding Aphelenchidae and Aphelenchoididae as being polyphyletic but the morphology based hypothesis of their monophyly could not be significantly rejected. Within the Tylenchomorpha, the families that exclusively parasitize higher plants are joined in a single clade. However, only the monophyletic position of the (super)families Hoplolaimidae and Criconematoidea were supported; Anguinidae, Tylenchidae, Belonolaimidae and Pratylenchidae appeared to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Parsimony and likelihood ancestral state reconstruction revealed that burrowing endoparasitism and sedentary encloparasitism each evolved, respectively, at least six and at least three times independently, mostly from migratory ectoparasitic ancestors. Only root-knot nematodes have evolved from burrowing endoparasitic nematodes. Traditional classifications are partially misled by this convergent evolution of feeding type and associated morphology. Contrastingly, mapping attributes of the gonoduct cellular architecture, including newly obtained data of 18 species belonging to the Aphelenchoidea, Criconematoidea, Anguinidae and Panagrolaimidae, revealed a broad congruence of the gonoduct characters and the molecular phylogenetic hypothesis. Yet, the presence of an offset spermatheca and proliferation of uterus cells has evolved multiple times, the latter associated with derived endoparasitic feeding specialization and resulting reproduction mode. Ancestral state reconstruction further revealed that the gonoduct of the morphologically and ecologically dissimilar tylenchid and cephalobid nematodes evolved from a common ancestor. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved},
	keywords = {analysis, ANCESTRAL CHARACTER STATES, ancestral state reconstruction, Bayesian inference, Belgium, Belonolaimidae, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CEPHALOBINA NEMATODA, CLASSIFICATION, D2-D3 EXPANSION SEGMENTS, DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY, doublet model, EMBRYONIC CELL LINEAGES, Evolution, FAMILY, feeding type, gonad, gonoduct, Hoplolaimidae, long branch attraction, MODEL, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, morphology, Nematoda, NEMATODE, nematodes, parsimony, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, plant-parasitic nematodes, RHABDITIDA, ribosomal DNA, RIBOSOMAL-RNA, secondary structure model, SEQUENCE, SEQUENCES, SPERMATHECA, TYLENCHIDA, Tylenchidae, TYLENCHOIDEA NEMATODA},
	isbn = {1055-7903},
	author = {Bert, W. and Leliaert, F. and Vierstraete, A. R. and Vanfleteren, J. R. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {140,
	title = {Global diversity of nematodes (Nematoda) in freshwater},
	journal = {HydrobiologiaHydrobiologia},
	volume = {595},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Abebe, Eyualem Decraemer, Wilfrida De Ley, Paul},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {67-78},
	abstract = {Despite free-living nematodes being present in all types of limnetic habitats including unfavorable conditions that exclude many other meiobenthic invertebrates, they received less attention than marine and terrestrial forms. Two-fifths of the nematode families, one-fifth of the nearly 1800 genera and only 7\% of the about 27,000 nominal species are recorded from freshwater habitats. The Dorylaimia are the most successful in freshwater habitats with nearly two-thirds of all known freshwater nematodes belonging to this subclass. Members of the subclass Enoplia are principally marine though include some exclusively freshwater taxa with extreme endemism. The subclass Chromadoria includes half of the freshwater nematode families and members of the Monhysterida and Plectida are among the most widely reported freshwater nematodes. Studies on freshwater nematodes show extreme regional bias; those from the southern hemisphere are extremely underrepresented, especially compared to European freshwater bodies. The majority of records are from a single biogeographic region. Discussion on nematode endemism is largely premature since apart from Lake Baikal, the nematofauna of ancient lakes as centers of speciation is limited and recent discoveries show high nematode abundance and diversity in cryptic freshwater bodies, underground calcrete formations and stromatolite pools potentially with a high number of new taxa.},
	isbn = {0018-8158},
	author = {Abebe, E. and Decraemer, W. and De Ley, P.}
}
@article {132,
	title = {Assessment of the configuration of the posterior cells of the nematode embryo as potential phylogenetic marker},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 0 Article English Vangestel, S Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 55 383BP MYLNEFIELD RESEARCH SERVICES INVERGOWRIE, DUNDEE DD2 5DA, SCOTLAND DUNDEE},
	pages = {107-120},
	abstract = {We have reconstructed the evolutionary history of an early developmental character by mapping the configuration of the posterior cells in the early embryo onto the SSU-based molecular phylogeny of Holterman (2006). We have analyzed the early embryonic development of 19 species, complemented with 20 species from the literature, covering representatives in each clade. We show that the Caenorhabditis elegans configuration, found in most species in clade III-X, is the ancestral state for these clades. alternative configurations arose inependently in clade IX, (Diploscapter coronatus), X (Halicephalobus gingivalis), XI (all investigated species) and XII (Meloidogyne incognita). A variable configuration of the posterior cells arose at least twice independently during nematode evolution, once in clade IX (D. coronatus) and once in an ancestor, shared by clade XI and XII and thus can be used as a phylogenetic marker to delineate these clades. Statistical tests based on our data-set show that the presence of a variable configuration is related to developmental tempo and egg shape},
	keywords = {Belgium, C-ELEGANS EMBRYOS, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, CELLS, CLEAVAGE, EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS, embryology, ENOPLIDA, Evolution, GUT, LINEAGE, MELOIDOGYNE, MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY, Nematoda, NEMATODE, phylogenetic marker, PHYLOGENIES, phylogeny, spatial configuration, SPECIFICATION},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Vangestel, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Bert, W. and Vanholme, B. and Calderon-Urrea, A. and Willems, M. and Artois, T. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {133,
	title = {The early embryonic development of the satellite organism Pristionchus pacificus: differences and similarities with Caenorhabditis elegans},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Times Cited: 1 Article English Borgonie, G Univ Ghent, Dept Biol, Nematol Sect, KL Ledeganckstr 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Cited References Count: 47 293NC BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS LEIDEN Part 3},
	pages = {301-312},
	abstract = {As a comparative counterpart for the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the nematode Pristionchus pacificus was established as a satellite organism to study developmental processes. However, these studies mainly focused on post-embryonic development and little is known about the early embryonic development. Using 4D microscopy we reconstructed the early embryonic cell lineage of 12 individuals of P. pacificus. By analysing several parameters of early development, including the division sequence, the spatial arrangement of blastomeres, the cell cycle patterns of the AB lineage and cell-cell contacts in different cell stages of the embryo, it was shown that the early embryonic development is nearly identical to C. elegans. Known cell-cell contacts necessary for induction of blastomere fates in C. elegans are also present in P pacificus. Thus, the spatio-temporal conditions that would allow possible homologous inductions are present. However, at least one model for blastomere specification seems not to apply to P pacificus since the third division in the AB lineage differs from that of C elegans. Furthermore, naturally occurring variability of early development was demonstrated, which is clearly permitted since there seems to be no influence on further development into an adult worm},
	keywords = {4D microscopy, Belgium, C-ELEGANS, Caenorhabditis, Caenorhabditis elegans, caenorhabditis-elegans, cell lineage, CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS, development, EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS, EMBRYOGENESIS, Evolution, FATE, INDUCTION, LINEAGE, microscopy, MODEL, NEMATODE, neodiplogastridae, PATTERN-FORMATION, PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS, SEQUENCE, SPECIFICATION, VULVA DEVELOPMENT},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Vangestel, S. and Houthoofd, W. and Bert, W. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {134,
	title = {Walking with worms: coral-associated epifaunal nematodes},
	journal = {Journal of BiogeographyJournal of Biogeography},
	volume = {35},
	number = {12},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Raes, M. Decraemer, W. Vanreusel, A.},
	month = {Dec},
	pages = {2207-2222},
	abstract = {To study the community structure and habitat preferences of the Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae in coral degradation zones. To assess the contribution of different localities and microhabitats to meiobenthic diversity in such ecosystems. To discuss dispersive capacities and the occurrence of cryptic species in meiobenthic organisms. Porcupine Seabight (north-east Atlantic Ocean; continental slope) and a transect along the Kenyan coast (Indian Ocean; shallow lagoon). In the north-east Atlantic, dead coral fragments, sponge skeletons and sediment were collected with a boxcorer. Along the Kenyan coast, dead coral fragments and coral gravel were collected during snorkelling and skin diving. Only nematodes belonging to the families Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae were considered. Community structure was analysed using multivariate techniques. Biodiversity was represented via rarefaction curves. Additive partitioning of species diversity was conducted. Turnover between microhabitats within locations and between locations within microhabitats were compared in a ternary plot. Twelve epsilonematid and five draconematid species were found in the Porcupine Seabight. In Kenya, 39 epsilonematid and 20 draconematid species were distinguished. Three species were found at both sampling locations. A table with the known distribution of all currently described species encountered in our study area is provided. At both sampling locations, the communities on coral fragments were significantly different from those in the other microhabitats, and were most diverse. In Kenya, species richness was mainly determined by local diversity and by turnover between localities. The contribution of beta-diversity decreased when abundance data were analysed. Turnover between microhabitats and between coral samples from different localities was higher than turnover between locations for gravel samples. Coral fragments were recognized as favourable substrata for typically epifaunal nematodes. Species-specific habitat preferences were explained by finely tuned morphological adaptations. Our results suggest that cosmopolitan species could well be cryptic species, and this explanation for the existence of morphologically identical nematodes in geographically distant areas is weighed up against other plausible explanations. Coral degradation zones are an important source for new species of Epsilonematidae and Draconematidae. The addition of sampling locations contributed to the total number of species, although the added species were generally rare.},
	isbn = {0305-0270},
	author = {Raes, M. and Decraemer, W. and Vanreusel, A.}
}
@article {135,
	title = {Xiphinema robbinsi sp n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida), an amphimictic species from Iran},
	journal = {Russian Journal of NematologyRussian Journal of Nematology},
	volume = {16},
	number = {1},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Pedram, Majid Niknam, Gholamreza Decraemer, Wilfrida},
	pages = {49-57},
	abstract = {A new species of Xiphinema from north western Iran is described herein. Xiphinema robbinsi sp. n. is characterized by its body length (3-3.8 mm), anterior end broadly rounded with a marked depression and high labial region, medium-sized odontostyle length (107.5-127 mu m), females with two equally developed genital branches with well developed ovijector and spines ill tubular part of uterus, a short convex-conoid tail, abundant males in population and four juvenile stages. The new species most closely resembles X aceri Chizhov, Tiev \& Turkina, 1986, X. aequum Roca \& Lamberti, 1988, Xipinema riparia Chizhov, Subbotin, Romanenko \& Kruchina, 1991 and X macedonicum Barsi \& Lamberti, 1999 and belongs to species group 6 of the polytomous key of Loof \& Luc (1990).},
	isbn = {0869-6918},
	author = {Pedram, M. and Niknam, G. and Decraemer, W.}
}
@article {136,
	title = {The embryonic cell lineage of the nematode Rhabditophanes sp},
	journal = {International Journal of Developmental BiologyInternational Journal of Developmental Biology},
	volume = {52},
	number = {7},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Houthoofd, Wouter Willems, Maxime Jacobsen, Kim Coomans, August Borgonie, Gaetan},
	pages = {963-967},
	abstract = {One of the unique features of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans is its invariant development, where a stereotyped cell lineage generates a fixed number of cells with a fixed cell type. It remains unclear how embryonic development evolved within the nematodes to give rise to the complex, invariant cell lineage of C. elegans. Therefore, we determined the embryonic cell lineage of the nematode, Rhabditophanes sp. (family Alloionematidae) and made detailed cell-by-cell comparison with the known cell lineages of C. elegans, Pellioditis marina and Halicephalobus gingivalis. This gave us a unique data set of four embryonic cell lineages, which allowed a detailed comparison between these cell lineages at the level of each individual cell. This lineage comparison revealed a similar complex polyclonal fate distribution in all four nematode species (85\% of the cells have the same fate). It is striking that there is a conservation of a {\textquoteright}C. elegans{\textquoteright} like polyclonal cell lineage with strong left-right asymmetry. We propose that an early symmetry-breaking event in nematodes of clade IV-V is a major developmental constraint which shapes their asymmetric cell lineage.},
	isbn = {0214-6282},
	author = {Houthoofd, W. and Willems, M. and Jacobsen, K. and Coomans, A. and Borgonie, G.}
}
@article {137,
	title = {State of the art of the free-living marine Monhysteridae (Nematoda)},
	journal = {Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United KingdomJournal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom},
	volume = {88},
	number = {7},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Fonseca, Gustavo Decraemer, WilfridaSi},
	month = {Nov},
	pages = {1371-1390},
	abstract = {The family Monhysteridae is characterized by 17 valid genera, seven of which are known to be free-living, inhabiting marine sediments. In total, 70 valid marine species are ascribed to these seven genera. Overall, the family is characterized by a confused taxonomic history with a large list of synonyms and species inquirendae. The taxonomic problem is not restricted to the old literature, but inconsistencies also appeared in recent studies. The aim of this study is to show the most important diagnostic characters to identify each genus and provide taxonomic tools for species identification. Dichotomous-keys and illustration-guides are attempted for the marine monhysterid species. For the family and each subfamily, tribe and marine genus a brief historical background, diagnosis and a list Of valid species is provided. Hereby, we propose to transfer eight species of the genus Thalassomonhystera to the genus Monhystrella.},
	isbn = {0025-3154},
	author = {Fonseca, G. and Decraemer, W.}
}
@article {138,
	title = {Trichodoridae (Nematoda : Triplonchida) from the Tara National Park, Serbia, and proposal of Trichodorus pseudobursatus n. sp},
	journal = {NematologyNematology},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2008},
	note = {Decraemer, Wilfrida Radivojevic, Milan de la Pena, Eduardo},
	pages = {405-431},
	abstract = {A survey for plant-root parasites in Tara National Park, Serbia, revealed the widespread occurrence of Trichodoridae, present in nearly one-third of the samples. Several species appeared to belong to the Trichodorus aequalis species complex sensu Loof (1973). The taxonomic value of the observed variations in diagnostic features within this species complex is discussed. A new species Trichodorus pseudobursatus n. sp. is described. It is characterised by males with a nearly straight habitus, two ventromedian cervical papillae anterior to the secretory-excretory pore, medium-sized and mostly straight spicules with wider manubrium continuous with the blade; blade with a smooth narrower part with a few bristles at mid-spicule, followed by a wider striated posterior part devoid of bristles. Females are characterised by a large, well developed pear-shaped vagina with medium-sized, rounded triangular and well separated vaginal sclerotised pieces in lateral optical view. In addition to the diagnostic morphological features, differentiation of the new species from other Serbian morphotypes of the Trichodorus sparsus species complex was supported by canonical discriminant analyses (CDA). Additional information is provided for T. sparsus and three T. aff. sparsus morphotypes from Serbia. The discovery of the genus Trichodorus in Serbia represents a new geographical record.},
	isbn = {1388-5545},
	author = {Decraemer, W. and Radivojevic, M. and de la Pena, E.}
}
